De Broglie's Hypothesis

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De Broglie’s Hypothesis

Group -9
Members Name

• Muzammil Hussain 201400152


• Muhammad Rizwan 201400172
• Shoaib Hassan 201400124
• M.Umer Hafeez 201400130
• Hamza Hamza 201400017
• Zaryab Arshad 201400153
Before De Broglie’s Hypothesis:
After Maxwell Equation, it explains that light is a electromagnetic wave.
When wave interact with matter. it behaves like particle. It means that it
contains particle characteristics.
In Previous Chapter, we will discussed about light is in form of energy
packets.
Light behaves mainly like a wave but it can also be considered to consist
of tiny packages of energy called photons. Photons carry a fixed amount
of energy but have no mass. The energy of a photon depends on its
wavelength: longer wavelength photons have less energy and shorter
wavelength photons have more energy.
Einstein believed light is a particle (photon) and the flow of photons is a
wave.
The photoelectric effect explains the particle nature of light. 
De Broglie’s Hypothesis:
In 1924 Louis De Broglie proposed in his Physics PhD thesis that
if wave behaves like particle then particle also behave like a
wave.
De Broglie's hypothesis of matter waves postulates that any
particle of matter that has linear momentum is also a wave.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929 was awarded to Prince Louis-
Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie "for his discovery of the
wave nature of electrons."
De Broglie Wavelength Equation
• 
E=-----(1) ; E=Pc------(2) Energy of Photon
Planck’s Equation

Comparing Equation (1) and (2)


Pc=
P= =(Photon)
=(For Every Moving Particle)
The Davisson–Germier experiment

• The Davisson–Germier experiment was a 1923-27 experiment


by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric
(later Bell Labs),in which electrons, scattered by the surface
of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern.
This confirmed the de Broglie’s hypothesis.
Davison And Germer Experimental
Setup
Experimental Wavelength of Electron
•When
  we apply diffraction relation, we can get wavelength of
electron;
n =d
When we talk about first
Minima then n=1
(1)=(215pm))
= 165pm

first
Minima
Theoretical Wavelength of Electron
•• Accordingly
  to De Broglie Hypothesis;
•=
• =----------------------(1)
• V=W=qV-------(a)
• K.E=W--------(b)
• Comparing (a) and (b) then we get
• =eV
• =2evm = mv=------------(2)

• Put equation(2) in equation(1)

• =  166pm
Davison And Germer Experiment
Conclusion
• With the help of Davison and Germer experiment, De Broglie’s
Hypothesis was proved that particle also have wave
characteristics.
• In experiment electrons show diffraction which is a
characteristics of wave.

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