1 Acceleration + Graphs

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Acceleration

Physics
Mrs. Coyle
Part I

 Average Acceleration
 Instantaneous Acceleration
 Deceleration
 Uniform Accelerated Motion
Acceleration

 The rate of change of velocity per unit time.

 It is a vector quantity.
Simulation of Constant Velocity
Compared to Constant Acceleration
 http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/h
alliday/0471320005/simulations6e/index.htm
?newwindow=true
Average Acceleration

Average Acceleration = Change in Velocity


Time Interval

a = v
t

a = v2 - v1
t 2 – t1
Note:

 v = final velocity – initial velocity


Units of Acceleration

 Examples of units of acceleration are:

m/s2 or m/s/s

km/h2 or km/h/h

km/h/s
Instantaneous Acceleration

 Instantaneous Acceleration is the


acceleration at a given instant.

 Can you always tell if you are accelerating


while observing the speedometer of a car?
Questions:

1. If you are riding on a merry-go-round at a


constant speed of 2m/s are you
accelerating?

2. When you are riding in a car at a constant


speed of 5mph turning right, are you
accelerating?
Signs of Acceleration

 Acceleration is + when v > 0

 Acceleration is - when v < 0


Deceleration

 Deceleration is acceleration that causes


the velocity’s magnitude to be reduced.

 Is it necessary for deceleration to be


negative?
Uniform Accelerated Motion

 Motion with constant acceleration


 Straight line

 Same direction
Example 1: “The Bee”
A bee is flying in the air with an initial velocity of
+0.5 m/s. It then accelerates for 2.0 s to a
velocity of +1.5m/s.

1. Draw a motion diagram.

2. Draw a vector diagram showing the initial and


final velocity and the acceleration of the bee.

3. Calculate the acceleration of the bee.

Answer: +0.5m/s2
Example 2
 The bee decides to slow down from +1.75m/s
to +0.75m/s in 2s.

1. Draw the motion diagram.


2. Draw the vector diagram.
3. What was the acceleration of the bee?

 Answer: -0.5m/s2
Solving for vf :

vf= vi+ a Δt

vf= vi+ a t
Example 3:
 Susan slides on the icy sidewalk with an initial
velocity of 2m/s. She slows down for 3s at
0.5m/s2.
 Draw the vector diagram.
 What is her final velocity?

 Answer: 0.5m/s
Part II Graphs of Accelerated Motion

 Position-Time
 Velocity-Time
 Acceleration-Time
Example 1: Position vs Time

+
Parabola

Position (m)

Time (s)

1. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve at t=0s?


2. Is the slope of the tangent to the curve increasing or
decreasing with increasing time?
Note:

 The slope of the tangent to the curve at a


given time of the position-time graph is the
instantaneous velocity.
Velocity vs Time

Velocity +
(m/s)

Time (s)
•Slope of Line= Acceleration
•Area Under Line=Displacement (Change in Position)
 The slope of the line of the velocity- time graph is
the instantaneous acceleration.

 For constant acceleration that slope also equals the


average acceleration.

 For motion with varying acceleration, the velocity


graph would be a curve. The slope of the tangent to
the curve at a given time would represent the
instantaneous acceleration.
Acceleration vs Time
Acceleration
(m/s2)
+

o
Time (s)

Positive Acceleration
Give a qualitative example of the
previous motion.
Example 2: Position vs Time
+ Parabola
Position (m)

Time (s) 5s
1. What is the slope of the tangent to the curve at t=5s?
2. Is the slope to the tangent, positive or negative at t=0 s?
3. Is the slope of the tangent, increasing or decreasing with
Velocity vs Time

Velocity +
(m/s)

Time (s)
•Is the slope of the line positive or negative?
Acceleration vs Time
Acceleration
(m/s2)
+

Time (s)

•The acceleration is negative.


Give a qualitative example of the
previous motion?
Note:

• Area Under Line of the velocity-time graph


=Displacement (Change in Position)

• Area under the line of the acceleration-time


graph =Change in Velocity
Example:
Calculate the displacement between 0 and 10 s

v(m/s) 10m/s

5m/s

o
10s Time (s)
•Hint: Area Under the Line=Displacement Δd or simply d

Answer: 75m

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