The Language Of

Medicine
11 edition th

Davi-Ellen Chabner

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1

 Chapter 6
Additional Suffixes and
Digestive System
Terminology

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2

 Chapter Goals
• Define new suffixes and use them with
digestive system combining forms.
• List and explain laboratory tests, clinical
procedures, and abbreviations common to the
digestive system.
• Apply your new knowledge to understanding
medical terms in their proper context, such as
medical reports and records.

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3

 Chapter 6
Lesson 6.1

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 Suffixes
Suffix Meaning

• -ectasis, -ectasia __________

• -emesis __________
• -pepsia __________
• -phagia __________
• -plasty __________
• -ptysis __________

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5

 Suffixes
Suffix Meaning

• -ectasis, -ectasia dilation, widening

• -emesis vomiting
• -pepsia digestion
• -phagia eating, swallowing
• -plasty surgical repair
• -ptysis spitting

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6

 Suffixes (cont’d)
Suffix Meaning

• -rrhage, -rrhagia __________

• -rrhaphy __________
• -rrhea __________
• -spasm __________
• -stasis __________
• -stenosis __________
• -tresia __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7
 Suffixes (cont’d)
Suffix Meaning

• -rrhage, -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)

• -rrhaphy suture
• -rrhea flow, discharge
• -spasm involuntary contraction
of muscles
• -stasis stopping; controlling
• -stenosis narrowing, tightening
• -tresia opening
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8
 Suffixes (cont’d)
• Suffixes that are also used alone as separate
terms:
Emesis (emetic)
Lysis
Spasm
Stasis
Stenosis

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9

 QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing?
A. Dysphasia
B. Dysphagia
C. Dysplasia
D. Polyphagia

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10

 QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. Which term means to control or stop
bleeding?
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematoma
C. Hemoptysis
D. Cholestasis

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11

 Combining Forms
and Terminology
Combining Form Meaning

• bucc/o __________
• cec/o __________
• celi/o __________
• cheil/o __________
• chol/e __________
• cholangi/o __________
• cholecyst/o __________
• choledoch/o __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12
 Combining Forms
and Terminology
Combining Form Meaning

• bucc/o cheek
• cec/o cecum
• celi/o abdomen
• cheil/o lip
• chol/e gall, bile
• cholangi/o bile duct (vessel)
• cholecyst/o gallbladder
• choledoch/o common bile duct
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• col/o __________
• colon/o __________
• dent/i __________
• duoden/o __________
• enter/o __________
• esophag/o __________
• gastr/o __________
• gingiv/o __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• col/o colon
• colon/o colon
• dent/i tooth
• duoden/o duodenum
• enter/o intestines
• esophag/o esophagus
• gastr/o stomach
• gingiv/o gums
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• gloss/o __________
• gluc/o __________
• glyc/o __________
• hepat/o __________
• herni/o __________
• ile/o __________
• jejun/o __________
• labi/o __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• gloss/o tongue
• gluc/o sugar
• glyc/o sugar
• hepat/o liver
• herni/o hernia
• ile/o ileum
• jejun/o jejunum
• labi/o lip
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• lingu/o __________
• lip/o __________
• lith/o __________
• odont/o __________
• or/o __________
• palat/o __________
• pancreat/o __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• lingu/o tongue
• lip/o fat
• lith/o stone
• odont/o tooth
• or/o mouth
• palat/o palate
• pancreat/o pancreas
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• proct/o __________
• pylor/o __________
• rect/o __________
• sialaden/o __________
• splen/o __________
• steat/o __________
• stomat/o __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20
 Combining Forms and
Terminology (cont’d)
Combining Form Meaning

• proct/o anus and rectum

• pylor/o pyloric sphincter
• rect/o rectum
• sialaden/o salivary gland
• splen/o spleen
• steat/o fat
• stomat/o mouth
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21
 QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term means enlarged liver?
A. Acromegaly
B. Cardiomegaly
C. Hepatomegaly
D. Hepatitis

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22

 Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures
• Laboratory tests
Amylase and lipase tests: tests for the levels of
amylase and lipase enzymes in blood
Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and
bilirubin in blood
Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool
Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect
blood in feces

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23

 QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear
fluid that remains after blood has clotted
(serum)?
A. Stool guaiac
B. Hemoccult
C. Stool culture
D. LFTs

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24

 Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures
• Clinical procedures
X-rays
• Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
• Upper gastrointestinal series
• Cholangiography
• Computed tomography (CT scan)

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 Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
• Clinical procedures

 Ultrasound examination
• Abdominal ultrasonography
• Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)

 Magnetic resonance
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

 Nuclear medicine test

• Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA scan)

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26

 Laboratory Tests and
Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
• Other procedures
 Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces stomach size
 Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual examination of the GI
tract
 Laparoscopy: visual examination of the abdomen
 Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue for microscopic
examination
 Nasogastric intubation: insertion of a tube through the
nose into the stomach
 Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove
fluid from abdomen

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27

 QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure is a surgical puncture to
remove fluid from the abdomen?
A. Laparoscopy
B. Laparotomy
C. Abdominectomy
D. Abdominocentesis

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28

 Abbreviations
• AFP __________
• alk phos __________
• ALT, AST __________
• BE __________
• BM __________
• BRBPR __________
• CD __________
• CT __________
• EGD __________
• ERCP __________

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29

 Abbreviations
• AFP Alpha-Fetoprotein--tumor marker for liver cancer
• alk phos Alkaline phosphatase
• ALT, AST Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase
• BE Barium enema
• BM Bowel movement
• BRBPR Bright red blood per rectum
• CD Celiac disease
• CT Computed tomography
• EGD Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
• ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30

 Abbreviations (cont’d)
• EUS __________
• FOBT __________
• G-tube __________
• GB __________
• GERD __________
• GI __________
• HBV __________
• IBD __________
• J-tube __________
• LAC __________
• LFTs __________

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31

 Abbreviations (cont’d)
• EUS Endoscopic ultrasonography
• FOBT Fecal occult blood test
• G-tube gastrostomy tube – feeding tube
• GB Gallbladder
• GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• GI Gastrointestinal
• HBV Hepatitis B virus
• IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
• J-tube jejuostomy tube; feeding tube
• LAC Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy
• LFTs Liver function tests

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32

 Abbreviations (cont’d)
• MRI __________
• NASH __________
• NG tube __________
• NPO __________
• PEG tube __________
• PEJ tube __________
• PTHC __________
• PUD __________
• TPN __________
• T tube __________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33
 Abbreviations (cont’d)
• MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
• NASH non-alcoholic streatohepatitis
• NG tube Nasogastric tube
Nothing by mouth
• NPO
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
• PEG tube
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
• PEJ tube
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
• PTHC Peptic ulcer disease
• PUD Total parenteral nutrition
• TPN Tube placed in the bile duct for drainage into a small
• T tube pouch on the outside of the body

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34

 Review Suffixes
-ase _____________
-centesis _____________
-chezia _____________
-ectasia _____________
-ectasis _____________
-ectomy _____________
-emesis _____________
-emia _____________
-genesis _____________
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35
 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -ase enzyme
• -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
• -chezia defecation; elimination of wastes
• -ectasia stretching; dilation; expansion
• -ectasis stretching; dilation; expansion
• -ectomy removal; excision; resection
• -emesis vomiting
• -emia blood condition
• -genesis producing; forming
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36
 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-graphy _____________
-iasis _____________
-lysis _____________
-megaly _____________
-orexia _____________
-pathy _____________
-pepsia _____________
-phagia _____________

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 37

 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -graphy process of recording
• -iasis abnormal condition
• -lysis breakdown; separation;
destruction; loosening
• -megaly enlargement
• -orexia appetite
• -pathy disease; emotion
• -pepsia digestion
• -phagia eating; swallowing
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 38
 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-prandial _____________
-plasty _____________
-ptosis _____________
-ptysis _____________
-rrhage _____________
-rrhagia _____________
-rrhaphy _____________
-rrhea _____________

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39

 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -prandial meal
• -plasty surgical repair
• -ptosis droop; sag; prolapse; fall
• -ptysis spitting
• -rrhage bursting forth (of blood)
• -rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)
• -rrhaphy suture
• -rrhea flow; discharge

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40

 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-scopy _____________
-spasm _____________
-stasis _____________
-stenosis _____________
-stomy _____________
-tomy _____________
-tresia _____________

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41

 Review Suffixes (cont’d)
• -scopy visual examination
• -spasm sudden contraction of muscles
• -stasis stop; control; place
• -stenosis tightening; stricture
• -stomy new opening (to form a mouth)
• -tomy process of cutting
• -tresia opening

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011, 2007 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 42