Chapter 1

Introduction to Materials Science

and Engineering

Structures Propertie Processing

s
 objective of Learning

• Understand the meaning of materials and engineering

• Explain types of materials used in the field of engineering as
well as their properties and applications.

2
 Topic

Wha t is Ma terial ?
Wha t is Ma terials
Engineering ? Wha t is
Ma terials Science ?
1.Structure 5. Sma rt Materials
2. Properties 6. Nanotechnology
3. Processing
4. Classification 3
 Topic

What is Ma terial ?
• Material is

o Substance that humans have assembled or produced as products,

appliances, inventions, various constructions.

• Basic materials such as concrete, steel, glass, rubber, aluminum,

copper, paper, plastic.

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What is Material
•
Engineering?
Materials Engineering

Materials engineering shows us how to apply knowledge to

make better things and to make things better.

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 Topic

Wha t is Ma terials Science

•
?
Materials Science is

o the study of the properties of solid materials and how those

properties are determined by a material's composition and
structure.

Materials science teaches us what things are made of

and why they behave as they do.

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Material
evolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_materials_technology#18th_century

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_materials_science#Early_modern_period7
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Sample materials to various applications

Beverage containers

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Materials Science and Materials

Engineering
Materials science teaches us what things are made of
and why they behave as they do.

Materials engineering shows us how to apply knowledge to

make better things and to make things better.
 Topic

Materials Science and Materials

Engineering
Results of
knowledge of
Is a basic structure, properties, Applied
knowledge of manufacturing knowledge of
materials processes and various materials
efficiency of
Ma terials engineering Ma terials
Science materials Engineering
Materials Science and Materials
Engineering
Produce
Basic science Properties
materials that
and Structure efficiency support to
understandin Processing needs of
g society. 10
 Topic

the effectiveness and behavior of each material will depend on three

factors

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1.Structur
e into 4 levels :
The structure can be divided
• Structure of Atomic including of Nucleus (Proton + Neutrons)
Surrounded by electronic orbitals.
• Structure of Crystal is Array characterization of atoms or
molecules.

Crystalline structures are

Amorphous structures are Atoms
arranged in a
arranged in disorder like polymers
metallike order 11
 Topic

1. Structure
• Microscopic(continues)
• is a type of the material which can be viewed through a microscope.

Optica l SEM
Mic rograph Mic rograph

• Macroscopic Can be seen with the eyes.

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 Topic

2.
Properties
The material's properties respond to the environment. The 7 main
engineering properties are:
1. Chemical properties, such as the structural features and composition of the
compounds that make up the material...
2. Physical properties such as material adhesion, density, melting ...
3. Mechanical properties such as shrinkage, stiffness, hardness ....
4. Thermal properties such as heat conduction efficiency ...
5. Electrical properties such as electrical conductors ...
6. Magnetic properties such as the magnetic field of the material.
7. Optical properties such as the scattering of the light, the transparency of the
material ... 13
 Topic

2. Properties

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3.
• Processing
The production process is the process of processing material by either
heat or mechanical force.
• The result can be microstructural changes that can directly affect the
material properties of a material.,
appearance built

Casting

furnace

Rolling
machine

The structure varies according to the Strong and hardness

characteristics of casting and cooling.
The structure is compressed and thin. 16
 To pic
When utilizing a material, one needs to understand that
the structure, properties, processing, and performance of the
material are interrelated. 

Molecular structure
Crystal structure
Micro-structures

The level of competence that

is suitable for the conditions
Synthesis and forming

Physical properties, chemical

properties, physicochemical
properties ... 17
 To pic

Molecular structure
Crystal structure
Micro-structures

The level of competence that

is suitable for the conditions
Synthesis and forming

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 Topic

• Understand the relationship between

the structural components of the
material and the properties of the
material, allowing the development
of specific characteristics of the
material in order to meet the needs of
modern society.

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 Topic

4. Classification of
Materials
Materials can be divided into 2 main groups based on chemical
atomic arrangement.
properties and

3 Group Materials

1.Metal 3
s 4.Composites groups
that
2.Polymer have
5.Semiconductor Enginee
ring
3.Ceramic signific
6.Biomaterials ance
Topic

4.1
Metals
• Properties: good heating and electric power, impermeable light
Strong and tough

• Example: Positive Ion (+)

• Ferrous Metals and Alloys

Including iron and cast iron
• Nonferrous
Metals and Alloys Such as
aluminum,
zinc, copper, brass etc. An electron sea ( - )

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 Topic

4.2 Polyethylene
Polymer
• Consisting of plastic and gesture most of them are organic. (Organic)
Contains carbon, contains molecules in a chain.

• Properties: good electrical insulation. Some types are heat insulation.

High flexibility, light weight, low strength
• Examples: Plastic, Rubber, PVC, Epoxy

Polymerization process occurs by the small

molecules connected to a large molecule.

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Topic

4.3
Ceramic
• Consists of metals and non-metals (non-metals)
• Most of the ceramics are in the form of oxides, carbides, and nitrides

• Properties: insulating heat and electricity high temperature resistant

more durable in a toxic environment than metals and polymers Is
strong but fragile

• Examples: Glass, Brick, Alumina, SiN,

SiC, Zirconia, Clay

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Topic

4.4
Composites
• is a composite material from 2 main groups or more which the
composite material must not dissolve each other
• Properties: It is a combination of good properties of materials that are
together
• Example:
• Fiberglass (obtaining the
hardness of glass fibers
mixed with the flexibility of
polymers),
• Steel fiber reinforced
concrete with both Silicon Fiberglass Reinforcement
strength and longevity.
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 Topic
Venn Diagram of three basic material types
plus composites

reinforced concrete Automobile steel

reinforcing steel lines

Fiber glass

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Topic

4.5 Semiconductor
• The semi-conductor material has electrical properties in the middle between
the body. Electrical and electrical insulation, such as pure silicon, which are
created in different ways
• Properties: when the temperature rises, the conductivity of the
semiconductor will be better (as opposed to metal)
• Example: Silicon chip and micro-electronic devices (microelectronic devices),
which is the important in the production of satellites, computer, calculator, digital
watch, robots etc.

Satellite 25
Intrinsic Semiconductors PN Junction s
Topic

4.6 Biomaterials
• It is a material that has a medical role.

• Biomaterials include all types of materials that can be used in biological can be
implanted into the human body to change or replace the damaged organ. It does not
cause toxic substances and can be compatible with the tissues in the human body such
as prosthetics, artificial bones, prosthesis. Hip joint, implants, etc.

Femoral implant stem Ti get screwed to implant 26

 Topic

Properties
Comparison
• Hardness :
Polymer < Metals < Ceramic
• Toughness :
Ceramic < Metals < Polymer
• Melting point :
Polymer < Metals < Ceramic
• Heat conduction :
Ceramic < Polymer < Metals
• Electrical conductivity :
Ceramic < Polymer < Metals

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5. Smart
•
Materials
Materials can be aware of changes in the environment (where they operate).

• For example, Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy is made from Titanium and Nigel alloys
that are used in Muscle Wires and applied in robotics or "Smart Shirts" (clothing that
interacts with the wearers’ body temperature).

Shape Memory Alloy Shirt and Jacket (2010) Smart fabrics and power laces 28
Sharp Memory
Alloys

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5. Smart Materials)
(continues
There are also sensors and)actuators that can be used to detect changes in
the environment, temperature, color change, light intensity or response
when receiving electricity.

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6.
• Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials i s a small material d iameter not over 100 nm
• Engineering benefits, especially electronics, sensors, magnets
and
medical.

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Examples: Apply materials to work

1. Car industry 2. Computer electronics industry 3. Construction

industry

4. Water industry 5.Aircraft industry 32

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1. Car industry

 Steel
 aluminum
 cast iron
 rubber
 plastic
 titanium

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2. Computer electronics industry

 plastic
 glass
 copper
 crystal
 Silicon
 Magnesium
 LCD, LED, OLED

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3. Construction industry

 concrete
 cement
 Steel
 glass
 The wood
 brick
 Polymers
 Aluminum alloys
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4. Water industry

 fabric
 aluminum
 steel
Fishing boats, speed boats and sailboats  rope
 wood
 plastic
 fiberglass

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http://fishing-speed-boats-sailboats.blogspot.com/
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5.Aircraft industry

 Titanium
 Ceramics
 Aluminum alloy
 Nickel alloy
 Fiber glass fiber
 Silicon
 Molybdenum alloys
 Composites
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Thank you for your
attention !!!

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