Windows Communication Foundation

Unified framework for

rapidly building
service-oriented applications
What Does WCF Replace?

ASMX

MSMQ WSE

COM+
.NET
(Enterprise
Remoting
Services)
UNDERSTANDING WCF
PRINCIPLES
Services and Clients

Client Message Service

Message
Endpoints

Client Service
Endpoint

Endpoint Message Endpoint

Address, Binding, Contract

Client Service
Endpoints

Endpoint A B C

C B A Message A B C

Address Binding Contract

(Where) (How) (What)
WCF Architecture: Messaging Runtime

Service Contract
Client and
Dispatcher Behaviors

Protocol(s) Protocol(s)

Encoder
Binding
Encoder

Transport Transport
Address
The what

CONTRACTS
Three Types of Contracts

Service Data Message

Contract Contract Contract
Allows defining
Defines Operations,
Defines Schema application-specific
Behaviors and
and Versioning headers and
Communication
Strategies unwrapped body
Shape
content

Allows control over

What does your What obect data is
the SOAP structure
service do used
of messages
Ways to Talk
One Way

Client Service
Request-Reply

Duplex (Dual)

One Way:
Datagram-style delivery
Request-Reply
Immediate Reply on same logical thread
Duplex
Reply “later” and on backchannel (callback-style)
What does your service do?

SERVICE CONTRACTS
Service Contract

using System.ServiceModel;

[ServiceContract]
public interface ICalculate
{
[OperationContract]
double Add( double a, double b);
[OperationContract]
double Subtract( double a, double b);
}
Service Contract: OneWay

[ServiceContract]
public interface IOneWayCalculator
{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)]
void StoreProblem (ComplexProblem p);
}
Service Contract: Duplex Asymmetric

[ServiceContract(Session=true,
CallbackContract=typeof(ICalculatorResults)]
public interface ICalculatorProblems
{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)]
void SolveProblem (ComplexProblem p);
}

public interface ICalculatorResults

{
[OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)]
void Results(ComplexProblem p);
}
What object data needs to flow back and forth?

DATA CONTRACTS
Data Contract

[DataContract]
public class ComplexNumber
{
[DataMember]
public double Real = 0.0D;
[DataMember]
public double Imaginary = 0.0D;

public ComplexNumber(double r, double i)

{
this.Real = r;
this.Imaginary = i;
}
}
Defines the mapping between the type and a SOAP envelope

MESSAGE CONTRACTS
Message Contract

[MessageContract]
public class ComplexProblem
{
[MessageHeader]
public string operation;
[MessageBody]
public ComplexNumber n1;
[MessageBody]
public ComplexNumber n2;
[MessageBody]
public ComplexNumber solution;

// Constructors…
}
BINDINGS
Bindings & Binding Elements

Binding
HTTP Text Security Reliability TX

Transport Encoders Protocol

TCP HTTP Text Security Reliability

MSMQ IPC Binary TX .NET

Custom
Custom Custom
 Standard Bindings
Binding Interop Security Session TX Duplex

BasicHttpBinding BP 1.1 N, T N N n/a

WSHttpBinding WS M, T, X N, T, RS N, Yes n/a

WSDualHttpBinding WS M RS N, Yes Yes

WSFederationBinding Federation M N, RS N, Yes No

NetTcpBinding .NET T, M T ,RS N, Yes Yes

NetNamedPipeBinding .NET T T, N N, Yes Yes

NetPeerTcpBinding Peer T N N Yes

NetMsmqBinding .NET T, M, X N N, Yes No

MsmqIntegrationBinding MSMQ T N N, Yes n/a

N = None | T = Transport | M = Message | B = Both | RS = Reliable Sessions

Bindings & Behaviors: Security

Client Service
A B C

C B A A B C

Be A B C
Be
Bindings Insert
Claims in
Messages

Behaviors
Implement
Security Gates
Feature Overview
Security

Claims based end-to-end security

Secure end-to-end message exchanges
Secure access to resources
Record resource access requests
X509, Username/Password, Kerberos, SAML,
custom credentials
Message security
Confidentiality and integrity
Transport or message level
Access to resources
Authentication and authorization
Bindings & Behaviors: Transactions

Client Service
A B C

C B A A B C

Be A B C
Be

Bindings Flow
Transactions

Behaviors
AutoEnlist and
AutoComplete
Bindings & Behaviors: Reliable Sessions

Client Service
A B C

C B A A B C

A B C

Bindings provide
Session and
Guarantees
Feature Overview
Reliability and Transactions

End-to-end Reliable messaging

In-order guarantees
Exactly once guarantees
Transport-Independent Sessions
Integration with ASP.NET Sessions in IIS-Hosted
compatibility mode
Transactions
Guaranteed atomic success or failure across services
Code vs. Config
 Defining Endpoints

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<configuration xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0 ">
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service serviceType="CalculatorService">
<endpoint address="Calculator"
bindingSectionName="basicProfileBinding"
contractType="ICalculator" />
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>
</configuration>
Configuring Bindings
<endpoint address="Calculator"
bindingSectionName="basicProfileBinding"
bindingConfiguration="Binding1"
contractType="ICalculator" />

<bindings>
<basicProfileBinding>
<binding configurationName="Binding1"
hostnameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"
transferTimeout="00:10:00"
maxMessageSize="65536"
messageEncoding="Text"
textEncoding="utf-8"
</binding>
</basicProfileBinding>
</bindings>
Custom Bindings

<bindings>
<customBinding>
<binding configurationName="Binding1">
<reliableSession bufferedMessagesQuota="32"
inactivityTimeout="00:10:00"
maxRetryCount="8"
ordered="true" />
<httpsTransport manualAddressing="false"
maxMessageSize="65536"
hostnameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"/>
<textMessageEncoding maxReadPoolSize="64"
maxWritePoolSize="16"
messageVersion="Default"
encoding="utf-8" />
</binding>
</customBinding>
</bindings>
WCF Summary

Application

… Error Metadata Instance

Service Model Behavior Behavior Behavior

Throttling Transaction Type Integ. Concurrency

Behavior Behavior Behavior Behavior

Messaging … Secure
Channel
Reliable
Channel
Text/XML
Encoder

… HTTP TCP Queue Binary

Channel Channel Channel Encoder

Hosting WAS ASP.NET WPF WinForm NT Service COM+

Environments
WCF Summary

WCF is the future of distributed computing

It combines the best of all existing Microsoft distributed
computing stacks
It uses WS-* standards for interoperability and .NET
value-add for performance and integration with existing
solutions
WCF is available for Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2,
Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008