English For Academic and Professional Purposes

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
MODULES 2 AND 3
ANALYZING THE PURPOSE,

STRUCTURE
LANGUAGE AND GRAPHICAL
REPRESENTATION OF
ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL
TEXTS.
Lesson 1:
INFORMATIONAL TEXT
STRUCTURE
There are a lot of things that we need to consider in writing a text and for it
to become well-written and easy to understand. Text type depends
primarily on the purpose of a text which in turn determine how it’s written
– selection and organization of information.
WHAT ARE THE TWO DIFFERENT
TYPES OF TEXT?
LITERARY TEXT INFORMATIONAL

OR FACTUAL TEXT
Informational
Text
It is nonfiction writing, written using special text features with the intention of
informing the reader about a specific topic. There are nine main informational text
structures and these are the following:
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
verb is/are, for example, can be,
1. Definition/Elucidation – It
is defined as, means, words refer
explains the nature of something
to composition (contain, make up,
and describes the thing that is being
involves), words that suggest
defined.
likeness (as, appears to be, refers
to), words refer to a class or
genus, a form of (exercise), a
branch of (engineering), a type of
(worship), a kind of (ship), etc.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER FOR TEXT
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
•adjectives to describe size(huge,
small or numbers that specify
2. Description – It gives concrete
dimensions), shape (spherical,
details regarding a certain thing,
octagonal), position (middle, top),
focusing on the appearance,
texture (rough, smooth, velvety),
characteristic, and action.
color (verdant green, onyx-like),
adverbs qualifying an action (evenly, 3
roughly, consistently), adjective
phrases (a 10-gallon container, a four-
day weekend)
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
3. Cause-Effect – It records the •some expressions that indicate

reasons (causes) and consequences effect or consequence or result (so,
(effects) of events. It presents so that, as a result, consequently,
reasons explanation for, thus, and
accordingly), expressions that
indicate cause (due to, as a result
of, because of, cause of)
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
4. Problem-Solution – It starts by some expressions that indicate a

discussing the problem and it will problem-solution (the
end by having a positive solution. problem/dilemma is, if/then, so
that, solves, an answer to,
addresses the problem of)
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
5. Recount of a sequence – It first, second, now, before, after,

presents a chronological narration then, finally, while, meanwhile,
of a historical period, a sequential during, and other expressions of
description of a process or a time and duration describing the
procedure. steps in a process or procedure.
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
6. Comparison and Contrast – It •some expressions that point to

shows the similarities and similarities (similarly, in like
differences in terms of the manner, in the same way),
characteristics of any other items, differences (on the other hand,
like groups of people, individual on the contrary, the opposite,
people, books, characters, animals, compared to, in contrast,
etc. although, unless,and however)
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
7. Enumeration – It is a process of some words that indicate

making or stating a list of things. enumeration (to start with,
first, second, in addition, next,
then, another, finally, also)
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
8. Classification – It presents the •there are several types/kinds

groupings, types, classes, and of, a part of, an example of,
categories that constitute a concept, groups/kinds/ways/types/classe
presented in hierarchical order. s of, another kind of, divided
into.
MAPPING
Informational
Text
PURPOSE LANGUAGE
9. Thesis-Evidence – It primarily assert, claim, prove/show

serves the purpose of arguing a that..., support, allege that,
point/position or interpretation. and nouns like (evidence,
proof, argument)
MAPPING
LESSON 2:
LANGUAGE AND TEXT
STRUCTURE ACROSS
DISCIPLINES
LANGUAGE AND TEXT STRUCTURE ACROSS
DISCIPLINES
• Mathematics Texts
Mathematics is easily recognizable because of its unique language
features. Its most prominent language feature is the use of symbols. Math
uses symbols in place of words, such as symbols for operations like “+” for
addition, “x” for multiplication.
• Business Texts
Like mathematics, business has a special vocabulary (jargon), so first of all
you have to learn are its jargon, like remit, obligate, loan, collateral, interest,
stocks, etc. Some compound nouns are standard expressions in business,
like tax collection system, company car, price list, and bulk buying.
• Social Science Texts
Just like in reading math and business texts, reading in the social sciences
requires knowledge of the jargon of its specific, for example: Political
Science (communism, monarchy and executive branch), Economics (market,
profit, equity and trade relations), Sociology (migration, social class, and
discrimination), and Psychology (depression, suicidal, personality and
motivation).
• Natural Science Texts
In natural science texts such as physics, chemistry, and biology, technical
terms, symbols (ph, NaCl,
and CO2) and abbreviations are common. Similar to other disciplines,
common words like power, pressure, force, work, and impulse have a
technical meaning.
• Literature and The Arts
Like the other disciplines, literature and the arts have their content-specific
terms or jargon (examples: gothic, mood, symbol, balance, mosaic, hue,
etc.) but what makes them different is the dominant use of connotative
language and figures of speech to describe and convey content.

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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

ANALYZING THE PURPOSE,

LITERARY TEXT INFORMATIONAL

3. Cause-Effect – It records the •some expressions that indicate

4. Problem-Solution – It starts by some expressions that indicate a

5. Recount of a sequence – It first, second, now, before, after,

6. Comparison and Contrast – It •some expressions that point to

7. Enumeration – It is a process of some words that indicate

8. Classification – It presents the •there are several types/kinds

9. Thesis-Evidence – It primarily assert, claim, prove/show

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