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    Empirical and Molecular Formula

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    Ma. Alyzandra G. Lopez
    The document discusses empirical formulas and how to calculate them from molecular formulas or experimental data such as mass percentages of elements. It provides examples of calculating empirical formulas from molecular formulas, molar masses, and percentage compositions of elements in samples. Key steps include determining the mass or moles of each element and dividing by the smallest ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that represents the empirical formula.

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    Empirical and Molecular Formula

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Alyzandra G. Lopez
    30 views31 pages
    The document discusses empirical formulas and how to calculate them from molecular formulas or experimental data such as mass percentages of elements. It provides examples of calculating empirical formulas from molecular formulas, molar masses, and percentage compositions of elements in samples. Key steps include determining the mass or moles of each element and dividing by the smallest ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that represents the empirical formula.

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    The document discusses empirical formulas and how to calculate them from molecular formulas or experimental data such as mass percentages of elements. It provides examples of calculating empirical formulas from molecular formulas, molar masses, and percentage compositions of elements in samples. Key steps include determining the mass or moles of each element and dividing by the smallest ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that represents the empirical formula.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    30 views31 pages

    Empirical and Molecular Formula

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Alyzandra G. Lopez
    The document discusses empirical formulas and how to calculate them from molecular formulas or experimental data such as mass percentages of elements. It provides examples of calculating empirical formulas from molecular formulas, molar masses, and percentage compositions of elements in samples. Key steps include determining the mass or moles of each element and dividing by the smallest ratio to obtain the simplest whole number ratio that represents the empirical formula.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    EMPIRICA

    L
    Formula
    1
    2
    MOLECULAR
    FORMULA
    • Shows the actual number of each type of atom in a
    compound
    • Not always the simplest formula
    Ex: C6H12O6 = glucose
    Contains 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen and
    6 atoms of oxygen in 1 molecule
    EMPIRICAL
    FORMULA
    • Is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms.
    • Is calculated by dividing the subscripts in the actual
    (molecular) formula by a whole number to give the
    lowest ratio.
    Glucose
    C6H12O6  6 = C1H2O1 = CH2O
    molecular formula empirical formula
    Some Molecular and Empirical Formulas
    Molecular Formula Empirical Formula
    Name
    (actual) (simplest)
    Acetylene C 2H 2 CH
    Benzene C 6H 6 CH
    Ammonia NH3 NH3
    Ribose C5H10O5 CH2O
    Glucose C6H12O6 CH2O
    5
    FIND THE EMPIRICAL
    FORMULA MASS 
    by adding up the weights of the
    atoms in the empirical formula.
    DIVIDE THE MOLECULAR
    MASS BY THE FORMULA
    MASS.  
    This number tells you how many times
    the empirical formula is repeated to
    make the molecular formula.
    Sample Problem No. 1
    A compound has an empirical formula
    of C2H3O and a molar mass of 172
    g/mol. What is the molecular formula of
    the compound?

    C8H12O4
    Sample Problem No. 2
    A compound with the empirical formula
    CH4O was found in a subsequent
    experiment to have a molar mass of
    approximately 192 g. What is the
    molecular formula of the compound?

    C6H24O6
    Sample Problem No. 4
    The empirical formula of substance is
    CH2O. Molar mass is 180 g. What is the
    molecular formula of the compound?

    C6H12O6
    Sample Problem No. 4
    The percentage composition of a
    compound is found to be 32.37%
    sodium, 22.57% sulfur, 45.06 %
    oxygen. Determine the empirical
    formula.
    Determine the PERCENT COMPOSITION of
    all elements.
    Convert grams to moles
    Divide by smallest mol
    If necessary, multiply by the smallest number
    possible to make each a whole number.

    Write Empirical Formula. These whole numbers


    are the subscripts in the empirical formula called
    mole ratio.
    Determine the PERCENT COMPOSITION of
    all elements then write them in grams.

    32.37% Na  32.37 g Na

    1
    22.57% S  22. 57g S
    45.06% O  45.06 g O
    Convert grams to moles
    1 mol Na
    32.37 g Na X = 1.41 mol Na
    22.99 g Na
    1 mol S
    22.57 g S X = 0.704 mol S
    32.06 g S
    1 mol O
    45.06 g O X = 2.82 mol O
    16.00 g O
    Divide by smallest mol
    1.41 mol Na 0.704 mol S 2.82 mol O

    1.41 mol 0.704 mol 2.82 mol


    = 2.01 =1 = 4.02
    0.704 mol 0.704 mol 0.704 mol
    Make each answer a whole number.
    Note: If necessary, multiply by the smallest number possible to
    make the answer a whole number.

    4
    2.01 Na = Na 2
    1S =S1
    4.08 O =O4
    Write Empirical Formula. These whole numbers
    are the subscripts in the empirical formula called
    mole ratio.

    Na2SO4
    Sample Problem No. 5
    A 60.00 g sample of tetraethyl lead, a
    gasoline additive, is found to contain
    38.43 g lead, 17.83 g carbon, and 3.74 g
    hydrogen. Find its empirical formula.

    C8H20Pb
    Determine the PERCENT COMPOSITION of
    all elements then write them in grams.

    64.05% Pb  64.05 g Pb

    1
    29.72% C  29.72 g C
    6.23% H  6.23 g H
    Convert grams to moles
    1 mol Pb
    64.05 g Pb X = 0.31 mol Pb
    207.20 g Pb
    1 mol C
    29.72 g C X = 2.47 mol C
    12.01 g C
    1 mol H
    6.23 g H X = 6.17 mol H
    1.01 g H
    Divide by smallest mol
    0.31 mol Pb 2.47 mol C 6.17 mol H

    0.31 mol 2.47 mol 6.17 mol


    =1 = 7.97 = 19.90
    0.31 mol 0.31 mol 0.31 mol
    Make each answer a whole number.
    Note: If necessary, multiply by the smallest number possible to
    make the answer a whole number.

    4
    1 Pb = Pb 1
    7.97 C =C8
    19.90 H = H 20
    Write Empirical Formula. These whole numbers
    are the subscripts in the empirical formula called
    mole ratio.

    C8H20Pb
    Sample Problem No. 6

    Aspirin is 60.00% C, 4.50 % H and 35.50


    % O. Find its empirical formula.

    C9H804
    24
    Determine the PERCENT COMPOSITION of
    all elements then write them in grams.

    60.00% C  60.00 g C

    1
    4.50 % H  4.50 g H
    35.50 % O  35.50 g O
    Convert grams to moles
    1 mol C
    60.00 g C X = 5.00 mol C
    12.01 g C
    1 mol H
    4.50 g H X = 4.46 mol H
    1.01 g H
    1 mol O
    35.50 g O X = 2.22 mol O
    16.00 g O
    Divide by smallest mol
    5.00 mol C 4.46 mol H 2.22 mol O

    5.00 mol 4.46 mol 2.22 mol


    = 2.25 = 2.01 =1
    2.22 mol 2.22 mol 2.22 mol
    Make each answer a whole number.
    Note: If necessary, multiply by the smallest number possible to
    make the answer a whole number.

    4
    2.25 X 4 = 9 = C9
    2.01 X 4 = 8.04 = H 8
    1X4=4 = O4
    Write Empirical Formula. These whole numbers
    are the subscripts in the empirical formula called
    mole ratio.

    C 9H 8 O 4
    TRY THIS OUT!

    A percent composition of a compound


    was found to be 63.5% silver, 8.20 %
    nitrogen, and 28.30 % oxygen. Determine
    the compound’s empirical formula.

    AgNO3
    30
    TRY THIS OUT!
    The percentage composition of acetic
    acid is found to be 39.90% C, 6.70% H,
    and 53.40% O. Determine the empirical
    formula of acetic acid.

    CH2O

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