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Ground Proximity Warning Receiver

The GPWS system uses inputs from altimeters, ILS, glide slope, and other sensors to analyze the aircraft's flight path and proximity to terrain. If a risk of collision is detected, the CPU will generate visual and audible warnings to alert the pilot. Modes 1-7 provide warnings for specific risk scenarios like excessive descent rates, unsafe terrain clearance during takeoff or landing, and glide slope deviations. The EGPWS enhances safety by integrating GPS and a terrain database to predict and display potential terrain conflicts beyond what can be seen by the radar altimeter alone.

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195 views16 pages

Ground Proximity Warning Receiver

The GPWS system uses inputs from altimeters, ILS, glide slope, and other sensors to analyze the aircraft's flight path and proximity to terrain. If a risk of collision is detected, the CPU will generate visual and audible warnings to alert the pilot. Modes 1-7 provide warnings for specific risk scenarios like excessive descent rates, unsafe terrain clearance during takeoff or landing, and glide slope deviations. The EGPWS enhances safety by integrating GPS and a terrain database to predict and display potential terrain conflicts beyond what can be seen by the radar altimeter alone.

Uploaded by

mani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUND

PROXIMITY
WARNING
RECEIVER
GPWS
GPWS (Ground Proximity Warning System)
is a system comprising of a CPU, which
accepts inputs from various sources. The
CPU continually examines these inputs, and
if a collision risk with the terrain exists,
appropriate visual and aural warnings
generate to warn the pilot.
How does gpws work?
The CPU of the GPWS takes in information from various
sources like altimeters, ILS, Glide Slope, gear & flap position,
air data, then the computer, interprets and analyzes the data to
see if there is any risk of collision. If there is a risks of
collision, the CPU will start to generate warnings like
appropriate visual aural warnings.
GPWS Warnings and alerts
• Types of Alerts:
I. Advisory or situational awareness information (Take Note)
- Only Aural Alert is sounded

II. Cautionary alert (Understand the Need for Action)


- Both Aural Alert and Yellow Visual Alert

III. Warning alerts (Act Immediately)


- Loud Aural Alert
- Red Visual alert
GPWS Warnings and alerts
Gpws panel
Mode 1
• Warns of excessive descent rate.
• If the aircraft is less than 2500 ft, as determined by the radar altimeter, and
is losing altitude too quickly.
• A GPWS warning light will illuminate and “sink rate, sink rate” will be heard.
• If the situation is not corrected “whoop, whoop, pull up, pull up” will be
heard.
Mode 2
• This mode consists of two sub modes:
– Mode 2A: The flaps are NOT in the landing configuration

– Mode 2B: The flaps are in the landing configuration.

• This mode possesses two boundaries like mode 1 (initial


penetration area and inner warning area)
• Penetrating the 1st boundary results in an aural alert of
“TERRAIN,TERRAIN” and followed by a repetitive aural alert of “WHOOP
WHOOP PULL-UP”.
Mode 3
• This mode activates if an excessive height loss occurs during initial take-off climb and
during a go-around procedure.

• If the plane enters the envelops, a repetitive aural alert of “DON”T SINK” sounds until
the flight condition is corrected.

• This mode is only active during take-off or when either the flaps or undercarriage
retracts during a missed approach.

• The alert is generated when the accumulated loss in


height as detected in the pressure altimeter equals
approximately 10% of the existing radio altitude.

• Mode 3 does not arm until below 200 ft radio altitude.


Mode 4a
Mode 4A activates whenever the terrain clearance

hits 500 ft radio altitude regardless of rate of descend

unless the landing gear is fully extended. If the

airspeed is too high , the “TOO LOW TERRAIN” alarm

will sound. If the plane is flying too low at low speeds

with landing gear retracted , the “TOO LOW GEAR”

alarm will sound. The visual alert would be “PULL

UP”.
Mode 4b
Mode 4B activates when the aircraft encounters unsafe
terrain clearance. If the aircraft is flying at below 245 ft
and at airspeeds less than 159 knots , an aural alert of
“TOO LOW FLAPS” sounds.
Mode 5
• Warns the crew of glide slope deviations.
• When the aircraft receives a valid glide slope and sinks two dots below “glide
slope” will be heard.
• The warning will continue with increasing intensity if the problem is not
corrected.
• This warning may be canceled by the pilot.
Mode 6
• Mode 6 provides alerts and callouts for descent below
predefined altitudes on the radio altimeter .
• The aural alert is “Minimums , Minimums”
Mode 7
 Mode 7 Provides warning of windshear conditions during take-off.

 Windshear is a sudden change in wind direction and/or windspeed


over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere and can have a
detrimental effect on the performance of an aircraft.
egpws
• Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
• A limitation of GPWS is the fact that with radar altimeter information
only the aircraft is only capable of seeing terrain directly below.
• In the case of rapidly rising terrain it may not react quick enough to
issue a warning in time.
• EGPWS corrects this problem by integrating an aircraft navigational
source into the system.
• GPS position in conjunction with a terrain database is used to help
predict terrain conflict.
• Any catalogued man made obstructions are included in the database.
• This type of system can be used to display terrain profile to the pilot to
improve situational awareness.
Egpws Display colour coding
Cautionary
Warning that terrain alert 60
impact is within 30 seconds prior
seconds.Pilot needs to to impact with
pull up
terrain

TERRAIN SAFELY
BELOW THE
AIRCRAFT

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