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Framed Structures: C.GOWTHAM 101117006 N.SANDEEP 101117018 SANJANA.R 101117030

The document discusses different types of frame structures including rigid frame structures and braced frame structures. Rigid frame structures can resist moments, shear, and torsion efficiently. Braced frame structures provide additional resistance to lateral forces through diagonal bracing. Common bracing types are vertical, horizontal, single diagonal, cross, K, V, and inverted V bracing. Rigid and braced frames can be combined as in Burj Al Arab. Connections in frame structures include simple, moment, partially restrained and fully restrained connections.

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Ashrutha Harshini
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84 views18 pages

Framed Structures: C.GOWTHAM 101117006 N.SANDEEP 101117018 SANJANA.R 101117030

The document discusses different types of frame structures including rigid frame structures and braced frame structures. Rigid frame structures can resist moments, shear, and torsion efficiently. Braced frame structures provide additional resistance to lateral forces through diagonal bracing. Common bracing types are vertical, horizontal, single diagonal, cross, K, V, and inverted V bracing. Rigid and braced frames can be combined as in Burj Al Arab. Connections in frame structures include simple, moment, partially restrained and fully restrained connections.

Uploaded by

Ashrutha Harshini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FRAMED

STRUCTURES

C.GOWTHAM 101117006
N.SANDEEP 101117018
SANJANA.R 101117030
Frame structures types:

1. Rigid frame structure


2. Braced frame structure

Rigid frame structure Braced frame structure


BURJ AL ARAB MIX OF RIGID AND BRACED FRAME
Rigid Structural Frame
 
• The word rigid implies the ability to stand the deformation. Rigid frame structures can be defined as the
structures having columns & beams, made monolithically & acting together to tolerate the moments
which are producing as a result of applied load.

• Rigid frame structures offer further stability. These kinds of frame structures bear the moment,
shear & torsion more efficiently as compared to any other type of frame structures. This is the
reason, why this frame system is utilized in world’s most amazing structure Burj Al-Arab
Pin Ended Rigid Structural Frames

• A pinned ended rigid frame system commonly has pins as their support
conditions. If its support conditions are removed, this frame system is
reflected to be non-rigid

• The above is a picture of a column with a truly pinned base


• It allows the column to rotate at the bottom where it rests on a foundation.
• It does not transfer bending moment to the foundation.
• In actual construction, such an elaborate arrangement is not done. Instead the
anchor bolts are located inside the column, close to the centre of the column 
and kept closely spaced so the lever arm is small and not much moment is
transferred to the  base and the column effectively behaves like a pinned
column
Fix Ended Rigid Frame Structure
• In this kind of rigid frame systems end conditions are
generally fixed

• In contrast, a fixed base column is connected to the 


foundation in such away that the column  cannot rotate at the
base. It transfers a moment to the foundation. The anchor
bolts are placed away from the column centre to give as
much lever arm as possible.
Braced Structural Frames
 
• With this frame system, bracing are commonly provided
between columns & beams to surge their resistance besides
the sideways forces and lateral forces because of an applied
load. Bracing is typically done by positioning the diagonal
members amid the columns & beams.

• This frame system offers more effective resistance


against the wind forces & earthquake and is also more
effective than the rigid frame system
Vertical bracing

• Bracing between column lines (in vertical planes)


provides load paths for the transference of
horizontal forces to ground level. Framed buildings require at
least three planes of vertical bracing to brace both directions in
plan and to resist torsion about a vertical axis.

Horizontal bracing
• The bracing at each floor (in horizontal planes)
provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to
the planes of vertical bracing. Horizontal bracing is needed at
each floor level, however, the floor system itself may provide
sufficient resistance. Roofs may require bracing.
Gabled Structural Frame:

• Gabled frame structures have the peak at their top. These frames systems are used in the places with
chances of heavy rainfall or snowfall.
Single diagonals
Trussing, or triangulation, is formed by inserting diagonal structural members into
rectangular areas of a structural frame, helping to stabilise the frame. If a single brace
is used, it must be sufficiently resistant to tension and compression.

Cross-bracing
Cross-bracing (or X-bracing) uses two diagonal members crossing each other. These
only need to be resistant to tension, one brace at a time acting to resist
sideways forces, depending on the direction of loading. As a result, steel cables can
also be used for cross-bracing.
However, cross bracing on the outside face of a building can interfere with the
positioning and functioning of window openings. It also results in greater bending
in floor beams
K-bracing
K-braces connect to the columns at mid-height. This frame has more flexibility for the
provision of openings in the facade and results in the least bending in floor beams. K-
bracing is generally discouraged in seismic regions because of the potential
for column failure if the compression brace buckles.

V-bracing
Two diagonal members forming a V-shape extend downwards from the top two
corners of a horizontal member and meet at a centre point on the lower horizontal
member (left-hand diagram). Inverted V-bracing (right-hand diagram, also known as
chevron bracing) involves the two members meeting at a centre point on the upper
horizontal member.
Both systems can significantly reduce the buckling capacity of the compression brace
so that it is less than the tension yield capacity of the tension brace. This can mean
that when the braces reach their resistance capacity, the load must instead be
resisted in the bending of the horizontal member.
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS

• Connection is assumed to be rotation free.


• Vertical forces are primary forces transferred by the connection.
• For this Connection a separate resisting system is required to design.
Single plate Connection ( Shear Tab)

• A plate is welded to the supporting member and bolted to


the web of the supported beam.

Double Angle Connection

• The in plane pair of legs are attached to the web of the


supported member and out of plane pair of legs attached to
the supporting beam web or flange.
Shear end plate connection

• A plate is welded perpendicular to the end of supported web


and bolted to supporting beam.

Seated connection

• An angle is mounted with one leg vertical against the


supporting column & the other leg provides a seat upon which
the beam is mounted ,a stabilizer connection is provided at top
of the web.
MOMENT CONECTIONS
• Designed as rigid connection with little or no rotation.
• Moment and vertical shear forces are transferred through the connection.

Two types of moment connection are allowed:


1. Partially restrained moment connection.
2. Fully restrained moment connection.

Fully restrained (FR)Connection


• Have sufficient strength to transfer moment with negligible
rotation between connected members.

Partially restrained (PR)Connection


• Have sufficient strength to transfer moments with rotation
between connected members.
FR moment connection

Welded flange plate connection Bolted flange plate


• Top and bottom flange plates connect the flanges of supported member to
the supporting column.
• A single plate is used to transfer the vertical shear force

Bolted extended end plate connection


• A plate is welded to the end of supported beam and bolted
to the supporting column flange.
Welded flange connection
• Complete joint penetration groove welds directly top and
bottom flanges of the supported member to supporting
column.
• A shear connection at web is used to transfer the vertical
shear force.
PR moment connection

Top and bottom angle with shear end plate


connection
• Angles are bolted or welded to the top and bottom flanges of the
supported member and to the supporting column.
• A shear end plate on the web is used to transfer vertical shear
forces.
• A double angle simple connection transfers vertical shear
forces while top and bottom flange plates resist moment
forces produced by wind.
Merits of Frame Structures

• Frame structures can be constructed rapidly.


• One of the best benefits of frame structures is their ease in construction.
It is very easy to train the labor at the construction site.
• As economy also plays a very important role in the design of building
systems. Frame structures have economical designs.

Demerits of Frames

• In frames structures, span lengths are typically restricted to 40ft when


normal reinforced concrete. Or else spans larger than that can source
lateral deflections

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