Router: Presentation - ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cisco Confidential
Router: Presentation - ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cisco Confidential
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Router
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
Connect Devices
Console Access
Console access requires:
Console cable – RJ-45-to-DB-9 console cable
Terminal emulation software – Tera Term, PuTTY,
HyperTerminal
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
Anatomy of a Router
Inside a Router
WAN WAN
PWR
NVRAM
RAM CPU
FAN
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Anatomy of a Router
Router Memory
Volatile /
Memory Stores
Non-Volatile
• Running IOS
• Running configuration file
RAM Volatile
• IP routing and ARP tables
• Packet buffer
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Router Boot-up
Router Bootup Process
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Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
Anatomy of a Router
Router Backplane
Console
RJ45 USB
Ports (FOR
Two 4 GB flash card slots Console STORAGE)
USB Type B
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
Anatomy of a Router
Connecting to a Router
Console
RJ45
Console
USB Type B
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Anatomy of a Router
LAN and WAN Interfaces
Serial interfaces
LAN interfaces
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
Functions of a Router
Why Routing?
The router is responsible for the routing of traffic
between networks.
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
Functions of a Router
Routers Choose Best Paths
Determine the best path to send packets
Uses its routing table to determine path
Forward packets toward their destination
Forwards packet to interface indicated in routing table.
Encapsulates the packet and forwards out toward destination.
Routers use static routes and dynamic routing
protocols to learn about remote networks and build
their routing tables.
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
Packet Forwarding Methods
Process switching –
An older packet
forwarding mechanism
still available for Cisco
routers.
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Packet Forwarding Methods
Cisco Express
Forwarding (CEF) –
The most recent,
fastest, and preferred
Cisco IOS packet-
forwarding mechanism.
Table entries are not
packet-triggered like
fast switching but
change-triggered
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
Connect Devices
Connect to a Network
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Connect Devices
Default Gateways
To enable network access
devices must be configured
with the following IP address
information
IP address - Identifies
a unique host on a
local network.
Subnet mask -
Identifies the host’s
network subnet.
Default gateway -
Identifies the router a
packet is sent to to
when the destination
is not on the same
local network subnet.
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
Connect Devices
Document Network Addressing
Network Documentation should include at least the following in a
topology diagram and addressing table:
Device names
Interfaces
IP addresses and
subnet mask
Default gateways
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
Connect Devices
Enable IP on a Host
Statically Assigned IP address – host is manually
assigned the IP address, subnet mask and default
gateway. DNS server IP address can also be
assigned.
Used to identify specific network resources such as network
servers and printers
Can be used in very small networks with few hosts.
Dynamically Assigned IP Address – IP Address
information is dynamically assigned by a server using
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Most hosts acquire their IP address information through
DHCP
DHCP services can be provided by Cisco routers
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
Switching Packets between Networks
Send a Packet
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18