INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION &
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
LECTURE 3 : WEEK 3
CSC-111-T
Credit : (2 + 1) / Week
TEXT AND REF. BOOKS
2
Text Book:
Peter Norton (2011), Introduction to Computers, 7 /e,
McGraw-Hill
Reference Book:
Gary B (2012), Discovering Computers, 1/e, South
Western
Deborah (2013), Understanding Computers, 14/e,
Cengage Learning
June P & Dan O (2014), New Perspective on Computer,
16/e
MOBILE ALERT
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Kindly Switch Off your Mobile/Cell Phone
OR
Switch it to Silent Mode Please
Course Teacher
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Jawad Ahmed Bhutta
https://
sites.google.com/site/csjawadbhutta/ict-spring-201
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Cubicle 2 BIC Room 4th floor Iqbal Block BUKC
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INPUT/OUTPUT/STORAGE
DEVICES
Learning Objectives
Understanding of the following,
Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Touchscreen etc
Output Devices
Monitors, Printers etc
Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive, Optical Storage etc
Input
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Input is any data and instructions entered into
the memory of a computer
Input Device is any hardware component that
allows users to enter data and instructions
into a computer
Input
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Input Device:
Keyboard and pointing devices
Pointing devices:
Mouse is a pointing device because it
allows a user to control a pointer on the
screen.
Input
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In Graphical User Interface (GUI), a pointer is a
small symbol on the screen whose location and
shape change as a user moves a pointing device.
A pointing device can select text, graphics and
other objects and click buttons, icons, links and
menu commands.
Input
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Mouse
There are 2 types: Mechanical mouse and Optical mouse.
Mechanical mouse has a rubber or metal ball on its underside.
You should place a mechanical mouse on a mouse pad.
Mouse pad is a rectangular rubber or foam pad that provides better
traction than the top of a desk
Optical mouse uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the
mouse’s movement.
Input
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Type of Mouse
WIRELESS MOUSE
OPTICAL MOUSE
A TRACKBALL MOUSE
GSTICK WIRELESS MOUSE
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Input
Input
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Mouse
Optical/Laser mouse is
More precise than a mechanical mouse
Dose not require cleaning as does a mechanical mouse.
Also it is bit expensive than mechanical mouse.
Mouse connects to a computer in several way:
By cable through mouse port, USB port and serial port (old).
By wireless through IR or Bluetooth.
Wireless mouse or cordless mouse, is a battery-powered device that
transmits data using wireless technology.
Input
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The Keyboard
Is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and
instructions into a computer
Desktop computer keyboard often attach to the System Unit using
Cable: a serial port or USB port.
Without cables : IR or Bluetooth
Wireless keyboard or cordless keyboard, is a battery-powered
device that transmits data using wireless technology
Computer Keyboard Keys
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Function Keys
Cursor-Movement Keys
Numeric Keypad
Toggle Keys (Caps Lock, Num Lock)
Modifier Keys (Shift, Alt, Ctrl)
Windows Keys
Print Screen
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Input
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Scanners and Reading Devices
Some input devices save time by capturing data
directly from a source document
Optical scanner
Optical readers
Bar code readers
RFID readers
Input
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Optical Scanner
An optical scanner, usually called a scanner, is a
light-sensing input device that reads printed text
and graphics and then translates
the results into a form the computer
can process
Input
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Optical Readers
Is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks and codes and then
converts them into digital data that a computer can process.
Two technologies used by optical readers are
Optical character recognition.
Optical mark recognition.
Input
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3- Bar Code Readers
Also called bar code scanner
Is an electronic device that uses laser beams for reading printed barcodes.
Barcode is an identification code that consists of set of vertical lines and spaces
of different widths
The barcode represent the data that identifies the manufacturer and the item
Input And Output
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4- RFID Readers
Radio-frequency identification
Is a technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag
placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person.
RFID tags, which contain a memory chip and an antenna, are
available in many shapes and size.
RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves. It can be
handheld devices or mounted in a stationary object such as a doorway.
Input
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Biometric Input
Is the technology of authenticating a person’s identity by verifying a personal
characteristic.
Biometric devices grant users access to programs, systems, or rooms by analyzing
some physiological or behavioral characteristic.
Such as fingerprints, eye patterns, voice patterns, facial features, signatures and hand
geometry.
Input
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Biometric Input
Fingerprint scanner
Face recognition system
Hand geometry system
Voice verification system
Signature verification system
Iris recognition system
What is Output ?
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Any information that has been processed and comes
from a computer or computer device is considered
as output
When someone is viewing output, they're seeing it
on an output device such as a computer monitor or a
hard copy print out.
Output Device
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An output device is any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate the
results of data processing carried out by
an information processing system (such as
a computer) which converts the electronically
generated information into human-readable form
Output Devices
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Processed data from a computer
Text, graphics, photos, audio, video
Common output devices
Monitor
Printer
Plotter
Voice
Monitors
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Most frequently used output device
Size is measured by diagonal of
screen
Common sizes: 15, 17, 19, 21
inches
Clarity is indicated by resolution
Measured in pixels
More pixels = better clarity
Monitor Standards
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Resolution capabilities indicated by a monitor’s standard
Video Graphics Array (VGA)
Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA)
Extended Graphics Array (XGA)
Super Extended Graphics Array (SXGA)
Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA)
HD (1920x1080) 2K (2048x1080) 4K (4096x2160)
Printers
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Produces hard copy output
Ink-jet printer
Inexpensive and for home use
Sprays droplets of ink
Produce very sharp images
Laser printer
More expensive, fast printing speed
Laser produced excellent letter and images
Laser Printing
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Other Printers
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Dot-matrix
Series of pins on print head
Inexpensive, not high quality
Chain/Line printer
Used on networks by Org.
Plotter
Maps, architectural drawings
High quality, larger sized output
Storage Devices
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Data Units
Name Equal toSize in Bytes
Bit 1 bit 1/8
Byte 8 bits 1
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes 1,024
Megabyte 1,024 kilobytes 1,048,576
Gigabyte 1,024 megabytes 1,073,741,824
Terabyte 1,024 gigabytes
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1,099,511,627,776
Storage Units
Name What can it store?
Byte A single letter, like "A."
Kilobyte A 14-line e-mail. A pretty lengthy paragraph of text.
Megabyte A good sized novel.
Gigabyte Roughly 300 MP3s or 40 minutes of video at DVD quality. A
CD holds about three quarters of a gigabyte.
Terabyte 1,000 copies of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Statistically,
the average35person has spoken about this much by age 25!
Storage: Holding Data for Future
Use
Storage is dependent on two parts:
Recording media to hold the data
Hard disks
Flash memory
CDs and DVDs
A storage device, which is hardware that contains the
tools to place the data on the recording media
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Storage: Holding Data for Future
Use
A hard disk drive (hard disk) is:
The most important storage device
A high-capacity, device
Considered secondary storage (fixed storage),
compared with memory/RAM, which is categorized as
primary storage
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Storage: Holding Data for Future
Use
Hard disk drives
Are random access storage
devices and permit direct
retrieval of desired data
Contain a coating of magnetic
material used for data storage
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Storage: Holding Data for Future
Use
Hard disks record data on concentric
bands called tracks.
Tracks are divided into sectors.
A group of two or more sectors is a
cluster.
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Storage: Holding Data for Future
Use
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Storage: Holding Data for Future
Use
The computer’s operating system stores in a table
the file name and its location on the disk.
The File Allocation Table (FAT) is the table created by
older versions of Microsoft Windows.
The New Technology File System (NTFS) is the
present system used for tracking file locations.
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Performance Measures of Disks
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Access time – the time it takes from when a read or
write request is issued to when data transfer begins.
Consists of:
Seek time – time it takes to reposition the arm over that correct track.
Rotational latency – time it takes for the sector to be accessed to
appear under the head.
Data-transfer rate – the rate at which data can be retrieved from
or stored to the disk.
Tracks on a CD
A CD has one long
track on it full of Pits
and Lands.
This tracks begins at
the centre of the disk
and work outwards
in a tight spiral.
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Reading and Writing to a CD-
ROM
Powerful laser ‘burns’
disk surface
Laser ‘burns’ pits into
surface
Weak laser reads surface
Detector measures
reflected light
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How a CD-ROM is read
Top of CD ROM Disk
Change Change Change
Pit Land Land Pit Land
Bottom of CD ROM Disk
Data is encoded onto the CD using a series of ‘Pits'
and ‘Lands‘.
Reflected Light A change from a Pit to a Land is read as a 1 and no
change or a Land is read as a 0.
Light Sensor In this figure, it will read as: 01001010
Remember Your ASCII!
Therefore 01001010 = 74 = Letter J
Laser
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8 Bits = 1 Byte = 1 Character of Text
Learning Outcome
Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Touchscreen etc
Output Devices
Monitors, Printers etc
Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive, Optical Storage etc
47 END OF LECTURE
Any Questions !!!
