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Mathematics & Computer Programming: Toqeer Mahmood

The document discusses various C++ programming concepts such as preprocessor directives like #define, escape sequences, comment statements, prefix and postfix operators, and provides examples of programs to calculate mathematical operations, find perimeter and volume, and get input from users. It also outlines lab work assignments involving writing programs to perform calculations based on user-provided input values.

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FILZAH HASHMI
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44 views15 pages

Mathematics & Computer Programming: Toqeer Mahmood

The document discusses various C++ programming concepts such as preprocessor directives like #define, escape sequences, comment statements, prefix and postfix operators, and provides examples of programs to calculate mathematical operations, find perimeter and volume, and get input from users. It also outlines lab work assignments involving writing programs to perform calculations based on user-provided input values.

Uploaded by

FILZAH HASHMI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics & Computer

Programming

Toqeer Mahmood
Dept. of Civil Engg.
UET, Taxila
Computer System
Key Board’s Keys Description
Lecture
#
03
The “Define” Directive
It is a preprocessor directive.
It is used to define a constant quantity.
It is used at the beginning of the program.

Syntax:
◦ # define identifier constant
where
◦ identifier it specifies the character to which the constant
value is to be assigned
◦ constant it specifies the constant value that is to be assigned to
the identifier
e.g.
◦ # define p 3.1429
Compound Assignment Statement
It can be used to assign one value to many
variables.
e.g. int x, y, z;
x = y = z = 20;
20 will be assigned to all the variables
declared (i.e. x, y, z)
Comment Statement
It is a non-executable statement.
It is used to add remarks or comments in a program.
Comments are usually given to explain logic of the program.
The compiler ignores the comments given in the program.
Double forward slashes “//” are used to mark the single line
comments statement.
We uses /* ….. Statements ….. */ for multiline comments
e.g.
// This is my first program in c++
// This program is about comment statement.

/* This is my first program in c++


This program is about multi-line comment statement. */
Comment Statement
Sample Program
#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main ()
{
clrscr();
cout << "Hello World! \n” ; // this statement will prints Hello World!
cout << “This is a C++ program” ; /* this statement will This is a C++ program */
getch();
return 0;
}

Output:
Hello World!
This is a C++ program
The Escape Sequence
Special non-printing characters which are used to control
printing on the output device are called escape sequence.
These characters are written inside the “ ” quotes and are
not printed when used in the statement.
An escape sequence is a combination of backslash ‘ \ ’ and
a code character. (‘\’ is known as control character)
These characters are used inside string constants or
independently.
e.g. cout<<“This lecture is about escape sequence \n”;
An escape sequence can be used anywhere in the string,
1) at the beginning, 2) in the middle or 3) at the end of
the string.
e.g. cout<<“\n This lecture is about \n escape sequence \n”;
The Escape Sequence
Escape Sequence Explanation
\a (alert or alarm) This character produced a beeb sound
\b (backspace) This character shifts the print control on the output
device to move one space back
e.g. cout<<“First\b”;
cout<<“Year”;
Output: FirsYear
\t (tab) This character creates 5 character spaces on output
device. e.g. cout<<“A\tB\tC\tD\tE\tF”;
Output: A B C D E F
\n (new line) This character generates and shift’s the control to the
new line.
e.g. cout<<“\n This lecture is about \n escape sequence
”;
Output: This lecture is about
escape sequence
The Escape Sequence
Escape Sequence Explanation
\f (form feed) Used to print the output on the printer after feeding a
blank form
\r (carriage return) It moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line
\\ (backslash Used to print a backslash
character) e.g. cout <<“C:\\Folder”;
Output: C:\Folder
\” (quotation mark) Used to print a double quotation mark
e.g. cout <<“ \” Folder”;
Output: “Folder
\’ (quotation mark) Used to print a single quotation mark
e.g. cout <<“ \’ Folder”;
Output: ‘Folder
Prefix and Postfix Operator
Prefix Operator
◦ When an increment operator is used in prefix
mode in an expression
 Increment Operator (++)
 Add 1 to the value of the variable before the value of the
variable is used in the expression. e.g. ++a
 Decrement Operator (--)
 Subtract 1 to the value of the variable before the value of
the variable is used in the expression. e.g. --a
Prefix and Postfix Operator
Postfix Operator
 When an increment operator is used in postfix mode
in an expression
 Increment Operator (++)
 Add 1 to the value of the variable after the value of the
variable is used in the expression. e.g. a++
 Decrement Operator (--)
 Subtract 1 to the value of the variable after the value of the
variable is used in the expression. e.g. a--
Prefix and Postfix Operator
Sample Program
#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a, b, c, sum;
a=1;
b=2;
c=3;
sum=a+b+(++c); Output
cout <<“Sum = ” <<sum; Sum = 7
cout<<“C = ”<<c; C=4
sum=a+b+(c--)
cout <<“Sum = ” <<sum; Sum = 7
cout<<“C = ”<<c; C=3
getch();
}
Lab Work
 Input two values at runtime and write a program to compute
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and remainder
 Write a program to find the perimeter of a circle i.e.
Perimeter = 2πr (Where π=3.1429)
 Write a program to compute and print the volume of a
cylinder. Input Radius “r” and height “h” at runtime
[ Vol = π h r2 ]
 Write a program to get your name and age in year. Calculate
your age in months and print your name and age in months.
 For input a value in a variable at runtime:
 e.g. cin >> variable name;
cin >> a;

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