THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Instructor: JUNRIE MARK B. SUMALPONG, MBA, LPT, MAEd- CAR

Email Address: [email protected]
 What is its
primary message?
 WHAT IS 'GLOBALIZATION'?

It is a process of interaction and integration among the

people, companies and governments of different nations,
a process driven by international trade and investments
and aided by information technology.
Globalization can be also be defined as the free
movement of goods, services and people across the world
in seamless and integrated manner.
 World Health Organization define globalization, is
generally understood to include two interrelated
elements:
1. the opening of international borders to increasingly
fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and
ideas.
2. the changes in institutions and policies at national
and international levels that facilitate or promote
such flows.
Meaning, it has the potential for both positive and
negative effects on development and health.
FACT:

Many Filipinos nowadays are in one way or

another, are affected by GLOBAL
ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM.

This is very evident especially in the urban

areas among middle or elite classes.
What is GLOBAL IMPERIALISM?

It is a situation in which a nation holds economic

power control or influence over the others.
This age is also known as WESTERNIZATION or
AMERICANIZATION of contemporary Filipinos.
It happens when a Filipino adopts ideas and behavior
from the West and North America while blending them
with his own traditional cultural ideas and behavior.
The INTERNET has made the world
smaller and communication faster resulting
to rapid and widespread of Western ideas
and adoption of behavior.

It makes the world more accessible to

everyone.
Various Definitions of GLOBALIZATION

Schottle (1995) - GLOBALIZATION stands for

quite a large public spread across the world as one
of the defining terms of the 20th century social
consciousness.
- Schottle suggested that globalization is a
phenomenon of the 20th century that is spreading
across nations and countries.
McGrew (1990) - GLOBALIZATION is
something that is comprised of multiple sameness
and interconnectedness that go beyond the
nation-states.
- McGrew refers globalization as a process in
which individuals and organizations in one part
of the world are affected by the activities, affairs
and convictions on another part of the globe.
Cerny (1997) - GLOBALIZATION is a cluster of
economic and political frameworks and procedures
deriving from the changing marks of the interests
and assets that comprise the foundation of the
international political economy.
- Cerny believed that globalization is
phenomenon developed from the international
expansion of different political and economic
interests and assets.
Political scientists - GLOBALIZATION serves as a
challenge to nation-states in strengthening regional
blocks.
- examples: EU, ASEAN, UN

Economists - GLOBALIZATION means increase

of free trade, speed of trade, global economic
organization, and regional trade blocks.
- examples: IMF, WB, WTO, ILO, EFTA
Communication experts - GLOBALIZATION
refers to the concept of a global village
(communication technology makes the world
borderless and smaller.

Culture experts - GLOBALIZATION is referred to

as cultural imperialism (spread of popular culture
from dominant to nondominant cultures) - it starts
from the idea that some culture see other cultures as
superior to theirs.
THE BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION ARE:

More international trade.

More wealth in the world.
Improve living standards.
Increased creativity and innovation.
More goods & services generally available at lower
prices.
Easy access to foreign culture.
Apparadurai (1996) referred globalization as a global
cultural flow and he proposed five dimensions, namely:

1.ETHNOSCAPES - refers to the international movement of people.

2.TECHNOSCAPES - refers to the international movement of
technologies.
3.MEDIASCAPES - refers to the international movement of
information through media
4.FINANCESCAPES - refers to the international movement of money
and commodities
5.IDEOSCAPES - refers to the international movement of political
ideas
 TYPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
Economic globalization refers to interconnectedness of
economies through trade and exchange of resources.
It also refers to the widespread international movements of
good, services, capital, technology and information.
Economic globalization primarily comprises the
globalization of production, finance, markets, technology,
organizational regimes, institutions, corporations, and
labour.
SOCIAL GLOBALIZATION
It pertains to human interaction within cultural
communities, encompassing topics like family, religion,
work and education.
It is a global interconnectedness between the people.
It is also a measure of how easily information and ideas
pass between people in their own country and between
different countries (includes access to internet and social
media networks).
POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION
Refers to the amount of political co-operation that exist
between different countries.
Political globalization refers to the growth of the
worldwide political system, both in size and complexity.
It also refers to the organization of different countries
into trade blocs.
Technological advancement drives
globalization by making it easier for
people, goods, and ideas to move across
borders. For example, people from all over
the world can now share their ideas in just
a second or minute through the internet,
which has enhanced communication and
connectivity.
HOW DOES
TECHNOLOGY DRIVE
GLOBALIZATION?
 THE PROS AND
CONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
 PROS OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. It encourages free trade. Without borders in place,
consumers can purchase items from anywhere in the
world at a reduced cost. There would be fewer barriers in
place, like tariffs, sales taxes, or subsidies because there
wouldn’t be nations in place that could add restrictions.
2. More trade means the potential for more jobs. When there
are fewer barriers in place to purchase items, then
consumers will generally purchase more things. This
creates the foundation that businesses need to create more
jobs.
3. It eliminates currency manipulation. Many countries
today manipulate their currencies to benefit their local
economy. Even the three “primary” currencies of the world
do this: the pound, the euro, and the dollar. 
4. Open borders mean more opportunities to develop poor
areas of the world. There are many nations in the world
today that are in a state of entry-level industrialization.
Poverty is a feature in many of these developing countries.
Through the process of globalization, the removal of
borders allows the people in these areas to experience
greater prosperity because each area gains the ability to
access what they need. 
5. It allows for open lines of communication.
When borders are removed, people have
the ability to communicate with one
another more freely. There is a greater
intermingling of cultures, which allows
people to have a greater perspective about
the world. 
6. We could begin pooling resources to do great
things. Multiple countries are running space
programs right now. Some private businesses are
doing the same thing. If they could pool their
resources and combine talents to work toward one
single goal instead of having multiple agencies all
trying to do the same thing, we could be more
efficient with our innovation in the area of space
exploration. The same principle could be applied to
virtually any industry or idea.
CONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. It generally makes the rich become rich and the poor
to become mired in poverty. This means the rich can
access what they want or need to become richer, but
the poor get trapped in poverty because they don’t
have the means to access success.
2. Jobs get transferred to lower-cost areas. 
Jobs can be created through globalization, but they
tend to be created in the areas where labor costs are
the cheapest. 
3. Globalization creates a culture of fear. 
Even in jobs aren’t exported to cheaper areas
of the planet, business owners can hold the
threat of doing so over the heads of their
current workers to gain salary concessions.
4. It creates a political system where the biggest
and the richest have influence. The largest
businesses and wealthiest people could hoard
global resources for themselves through
whatever government was put into place,
enhancing the social inequalities that are
already being seen on smaller scales.
5. Diseases travel faster in a world that is
globalized. 
When people stay within their own regions,
there are fewer problems with communicable
diseases. If there were no borders and people
could travel freely to wherever they wished to
go, this issue would cause even the most remote
parts of the planet to be exposed to potentially
deadly health concerns.
6. It could have a negative impact on the
environment.
Let’s say that production levels increase
because everyone sees a boost in their
economic circumstances. This would
potentially increase pollution levels that
could acidify the air, the ocean, and cause
more issues with global warming.