Solve Problems

Involving Sets
using Venn Diagram

Mr. Mark Joy B. Pataray

Teacher 1
 Let’s Recall
Activity 1. Put me to where I belong to.
Directions: Provide the information being asked in each item.

1. What are the elements given in the sets below?

A = {factors of 16}
A = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}
B = {even numbers from 1 to 16}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}
2. Write the elements of set A and B in their corresponding circles.
A = {factors of 16} B = {even numbers up to 16}

1 2 2 4 6
4 8 10
8 16 12 14
16
3. Find A ∪ B .

A ∪ B = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}

4. Represent the given set in number 3 using the two
circles below.
A B
A = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}
2 6
1 4 10 B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}

8 12
16 14

A ∪ B = {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16}

 Let’s Explore
Activity 2 Use the following sets below and answer the questions
that follow.
Set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
Set B = {1, 3, 5, 7,10}
1. What are the common elements in Set A and B?
10
 Let’s Explore
 
Activity 2 Use the following sets below and answer the questions
that follow.
Set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
Set B = {1, 3, 5, 7,10}
2. What is the cardinality of A B?
A U B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
 
n {A B} = {14}
 Let’s Explore
Activity 2 Use the following sets below and answer the questions
that follow.
Set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
Set B = {1, 3, 5, 7,10}
3. What is the cardinality of A ∩ B?
A ∩ B = {10}
n {A ∩ B} = {1}
 Let’s Elaborate

Venn diagram is a way of representing sets visually and is

named after its inventor, British mathematician John Venn
(1834 – 1923). The Venn diagram is an illustration that uses
circles to represent sets. The relation between the sets is
indicated by the arrangement of circles.
Example 1. Use Venn diagram to represent the following sets.
Set U = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
Set A = {8, 4, 2, 10, 6}
Set B = {12, 14, 16, 8, 2}
The two sets have common elements,
U 2 and 8, therefore we need to write
A B these elements in the intersection of

4 2 the two circles.

12 Then write the other elements of
10 14 each set in the other part of the
8 circle.

6 16 The elements of U that are not in A

or B must be placed outside the two
18 20 circles.
 Problems about sets can be solved with the help of Venn diagram. Before
we proceed in solving problem about set let us consider first the following
steps that can help you solving problem involving set.
1. Read the problem carefully and note down all key information.
2. Present the problem in a Venn diagram.
3. Check if all the numbers in the diagram add up properly.
4. Solve in a step-by-step manner.
Example 1. There were 100 Grade 7 students interviewed about their
favorite subjects. The results showed:
28 like Science; 9 like both Science and English;
31 like English; 10 like both Science and Mathematics;
42 like Mathematics; 6 like both English and Mathematics; and
4 like all three subjects
E S

Solutions:

Draw and label the universal set for 100 students

with three overlapping circles. Let S represents
Science, E for English and M for Mathematics.

M
Example 2. There were 100 Grade 7 students interviewed about their
favorite subjects. The results showed:
28 like Science; 9 like both Science and English;
31 like English; 10 like both Science and Mathematics;
42 like Mathematics; 6 like both English and Mathematics; and
4 like all three subjects
E S

Solutions:

Write 4 in the intersection of the three Circles 4

because 4 students like all three subjects.

M
Example 2. There were 100 Grade 7 students interviewed about their
favorite subjects. The results showed:
28 like Science; 9 like both Science and English;
31 like English; 10 like both Science and Mathematics;
42 like Mathematics; 6 like both English and Mathematics; and
4 like all three subjects
E S
Solutions:
5
In order to get the number of students between English and
Mathematics, subtract 4 (like all three subjects) to 6 (like both 4
English and Mathematics). Do the same process to other 2 6
subjects.
6 – 4 = 2 put between the E and M
10 – 4 = 6 put between the S and M
9 – 4 = 5 put between the S and E M
Example 2. There were 100 Grade 7 students interviewed about their
favorite subjects. The results showed:
28 like Science; 9 like both Science and English;
31 like English; 10 like both Science and Mathematics;
42 like Mathematics; 6 like both English and Mathematics; and
4 like all three subjects
Solutions: E S
To get the number of students who like Mathematics only, add
all the numbers inside circle M (42), then subtract to the given 5
number who like English and Math (2), Science and Math (6)
English, Math and Science (4). Do the same process to other 4
subjects. 2 6
42 like Mathematics 30
2 + 4 + 6 = 12
42 – 12 = 30 put it inside the M circle M
Example 2. There were 100 Grade 7 students interviewed about their
favorite subjects. The results showed:
28 like Science; 9 like both Science and English;
31 like English; 10 like both Science and Mathematics;
42 like Mathematics; 6 like both English and Mathematics; and
4 like all three subjects
Solutions: E S
To get the number of students who like Mathematics only, add
all the numbers inside circle M (42), then subtract to the given 5
number who like English and Math (2), Science and Math (6) 20
English, Math and Science (4). Do the same process to other 4
subjects. 2 6
31 like English 30
5 + 4 + 2=11
31 – 11 = 20 put it inside the E circle M
Example 2. There were 100 Grade 7 students interviewed about their
favorite subjects. The results showed:
28 like Science; 9 like both Science and English;
31 like English; 10 like both Science and Mathematics;
42 like Mathematics; 6 like both English and Mathematics; and
4 like all three subjects
E S

5
It shows that the total number of students who like the three 20 13
subjects are 20+5+13+2+4+6+30 or 80. Since we interviewed
100 students, 20 students do not like the three subjects
4
2 6

30
20
M
Example 2. Thirty Grade 7 students were asked where they like to spend their summer vacation: Boracay,
Bohol, Baguio. The result showed 19 liked Boracay, 17 liked Bohol, 15 liked Baguio, 12 liked Boracay and
Bohol, 9 liked Bohol and Baguio, 9 liked Boracay and Baguio and 8 liked all three. Find the following:
a. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Boracay only?
b. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Bohol only?
c. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Baguio only?
d. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Boracay and Bohol?
e. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Bohol and Baguio but
not Boracay?
f. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Boracay and Baguio?
g. How many students do not like to spend their vacation in any of the
three places?
Solutions: Since we need to work from the center of the Venn diagram, we have the following information:
8 like all the three places 15 like Baguio
9 like Boracay and Baguio 17 like Bohol
9 like Bohol and Baguio 19 like Boracay
12 like Boracay and Bohol

BOHOL BORACAY

4
4 6

8
1 1

5
1
U = 30 BAGUIO
a. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Boracay only?

Answer
6
b. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Bohol only?

Answer
4
c. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Baguio only?

Answer
5
d. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Boracay and Bohol?

Answer
12
e. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Bohol and Baguio but not
Boracay

Answer
1
f. How many students liked to spend their vacation in Boracay or Baguio?

Answer
25
g. How many students do not like to spend their vacation in any of the three
places?

Answer
1
 Happy
Learning!