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Module 2 Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform converts differential equations to algebraic equations that are easier to solve. It was developed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in the 18th century. The transform represents a function as another function of a complex variable. It has various properties like linearity and is commonly used in engineering applications to model systems using differential equations. Examples show how to take the Laplace transform of basic functions and use transform pairs to determine the original function from its transform.

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65 views13 pages

Module 2 Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform converts differential equations to algebraic equations that are easier to solve. It was developed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in the 18th century. The transform represents a function as another function of a complex variable. It has various properties like linearity and is commonly used in engineering applications to model systems using differential equations. Examples show how to take the Laplace transform of basic functions and use transform pairs to determine the original function from its transform.

Uploaded by

Johnnette Aggabao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform was developed by the


French mathematician by the same name,
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) and was
widely adapted to engineering problems in the
last century.

Its utility lies in the ability to convert differential


equations to algebraic forms that are more easily
solved. The notation has become very common
in certain areas as a form of engineering
“language” for dealing with systems.

1
Differential Equation

Figure 10-1.
Steps involved Transform differential
in using the equation to
algebraic equation.

Laplace
transform.
Solve equation
by algebra.

Determine
inverse
transform.

Solution
2
Laplace Transformation


F ( s )   f (t )e dt
 st
0

L[ f (t )]  F ( s )
1
L [ F ( s )]  f (t ) 3
Basic Theorems of Linearity
L[ Kf (t )]  KL[ f (t )]  KF ( s )
L[ f1 (t )  f 2 (t )]  L[ f1 (t )]  L[ f 2 (t )]
 F1 ( s )  F2 ( s )
The Laplace transform of a product is
not the product of the transforms.

L[ f1 (t ) f 2 (t )]  F1 ( s ) F2 ( s )
4
Figure 10-2. Illustration of the unit
step function.
u (t )

0 t

5
Example 10-1. Derive the Laplace
transform of the unit step function.

F ( s )   (1)e dt
 st
0


e 
 st
e  1 0
F (s)    0 
s  0  s  s

6
Example 10-2. Derive the Laplace
transform of the exponential function
 t
f (t )  e
 
F ( s )   e e dt   e
 t  st  (  s ) t
dt
0 0

e 
 ( s  ) t
e 0
   0
( s   )  0 ( s   )
1

s 
7
Table 10-1. Common transform pairs.
f (t ) F ( s )  L[ f ( t )]
1 or u ( t ) 1 T -1
s
e  t 1 T -2
s 
sin  t  T -3
s 2
2

cos  t s T -4
s2   2
e   t sin  t  T -5*
(s   )2   2
e   t cos  t s  T -6*
(s   )2   2
t 1 T -7
s2
tn n! T -8
s n 1
e  t t n n! T -9
( s   ) n 1
 (t ) 1 T -10

*Use when roots are complex.


8
Example 10-3. A force in newtons (N)
is given below. Determine the Laplace
transform.

f (t )  50u (t )
50
F (s) 
s

9
Example 10-4. A voltage in volts (V)
starting at t = 0 is given below.
Determine the Laplace transform.
2 t
v(t )  5e sin 4t
4
V ( s )  L[v(t )]  5 
( s  2)  (4)
2 2

20 20
 2  2
s  4s  4  16 s  4 s  20
10
Example 10-5. A pressure in pascals
(p) starting at t = 0 is given below.
Determine the Laplace transform.
4 t
p(t )  5cos 2t  3e

11
Example 10-5. A pressure in pascals
(p) starting at t = 0 is given below.
Determine the Laplace transform.
4 t
p(t )  5cos 2t  3e
s 1
P ( s )  L[ p (t )]  5  2  3
s  (2) 2
s4
5s 3
 2 
s 4 s4
12
Laplace Transformation

L[ f (t )]  F ( s )
1
L [ F ( s )]  f (t )

F ( s )   f (t )e dt
 st
0

13

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