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Cub Seismicw Lesson01 Presentation v5 Tedl DWC

This document discusses seismic waves and their importance to engineering. It defines seismic waves as waves that travel through the Earth during earthquakes. There are two main types of seismic waves - body waves that travel through the interior of the Earth, and surface waves that travel along the surface. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves, while surface waves include Love waves and Rayleigh waves. Engineers study seismic waves to design structures that can withstand earthquake shaking and ground motion.

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kent russell
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52 views16 pages

Cub Seismicw Lesson01 Presentation v5 Tedl DWC

This document discusses seismic waves and their importance to engineering. It defines seismic waves as waves that travel through the Earth during earthquakes. There are two main types of seismic waves - body waves that travel through the interior of the Earth, and surface waves that travel along the surface. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves, while surface waves include Love waves and Rayleigh waves. Engineers study seismic waves to design structures that can withstand earthquake shaking and ground motion.

Uploaded by

kent russell
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering & Waves:

Seismic Waves
Engineering Waves Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about:
What are waves?
What are different types of waves?
How do waves travel?
How do waves relate to engineering?

Our focus is on:


Seismic waves
Wave Basics
What is a wave?
A disturbance that travels through space or time, usually
by the transfer of energy
Many different types of waves!
Wave Basics
Important vocabulary:
wavelength
amplitude wavelength
amplitude
crest (ridge) crest
trough
frequency

trough
Types of Waves
electromagnetic waves
light waves
radio waves

sound waves
ocean waves
 In this animation of a standing wave,
seismic waves the red dots represent the nodes
standing waves
Engineering & Waves:
Seismic Waves
Why are engineers concerned
about earthquakes?
Seismic Waves
Waves that travel through the Earth
Classifications:
Body Waves
 Faster, travel through the interior of the
Earth
 P-waves (primary)

 S-waves (secondary)

Surface Waves
 Slower, travel along the surface of the Earth
 Cause more damage

 Similar to water waves

 Love waves

 Rayleigh waves
Body Waves: Primary Waves
P-waves cause the ground to have
vibrations along or parallel to the
direction of the wave
Fast! The first type of seismic wave to
arrive at a point away from the
Plane P-wave
epicenter
Can travel through any medium
Typical speeds:
 In air: 330 m/s
 In water: 1450 m/s
 In granite: 5000 m/s
Propagation of a P-wave
on a 2Dgrid
Body Waves: Secondary Waves
S-waves cause the motion of the
ground to be perpendicular to the
direction of the wave
Can only travel through solids
Plane S-wave
Speed is about 60% of a P-wave in a
material
Arrives second at a point away from
the epicenter

Propagation of a spherical S-
wave on a 2D grid
Surface Waves: Love Waves

Love waves cause horizontal shifting of the Earth during


earthquakes
Move slower than P-waves and S-waves, but faster than
Rayleigh waves
Named for A.E.H. Love, the man who predicted this type of
seismic wave in 1911
Surface Waves: Rayleigh Waves

Rayleigh waves cause a rolling motion—like ocean waves


Slowest of the seismic waves (travel at around 3 km/s)
Produced by the interaction of P- and S-waves at the Earth’s
surface
Can be used to characterize the Earth’s interior and oil deposits
All Seismic Waves
Intensity depends on:
Size of earthquake
Distance to the earthquake
Depth of the earthquake
Geological structure of the crust

The amplitude decreases with increasing


depth of the earthquake and with distance
traveled
More information on Seismic Waves
Engineering Design and Shake Tables
The World’s Largest Shake Table

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