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Fortran: The Introduction

FORTRAN was the first high-level programming language, developed by John Backus in 1954. It stands for FORmula TRANslation and was commercially released in 1957. FORTRAN is extensively used in scientific and numerical computing applications, particularly for weather prediction, fluid dynamics, and computational physics. While newer versions like FORTRAN 77, 90, and 95 are most commonly used today, the original language is still applied to large-scale simulations and modeling in fields like astrophysics, molecular dynamics, and climate science.

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127 views13 pages

Fortran: The Introduction

FORTRAN was the first high-level programming language, developed by John Backus in 1954. It stands for FORmula TRANslation and was commercially released in 1957. FORTRAN is extensively used in scientific and numerical computing applications, particularly for weather prediction, fluid dynamics, and computational physics. While newer versions like FORTRAN 77, 90, and 95 are most commonly used today, the original language is still applied to large-scale simulations and modeling in fields like astrophysics, molecular dynamics, and climate science.

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richard
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FORTRAN

THE INTRODUCTION
GROUP 1 PRESENTATION
MAJOR FACTS ABOUT FORTRAN/HISTORY
• FORTRAN - is a computer programming language that is extensively used in
numerical & scientifically computing. It’s applications are found in the scientific
fields, particularly numerical weather prediction, computations for fluid dynamics
and computational physics.

• FORTRAN stands for FORmula TRANslation


• It was the first High Level programming language, developed by John W. Backus and
his team for IBM in 1954.
• IBM 704 – a vacuum tube computer where the first FORTRAN program ran.
• This language was commercially released in 1957.
FACTS ABOUT FORTRAN/HISTORY
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN FORTRAN
FORTRAN I First version of FORTRAN Language developed in 1954. This
version had 32 statements.
FORTRAN II First appeared in 1958. Introduce user defined subprograms.

FORTRAN III Developed in 1958, but never released.

FORTRAN IV This version introduced Logical data type, Boolean expressions,


Logical IF etc. Released in 1962.
FORTRAN 66 This was ANSI Standard version of FORTRAN IV

FORTRAN 77 Revised version of FORTRAN 66 that can support a Structured


Programming. It released by ANSI as FORTRAN 77.
MAJOR FACTS ABOUT FORTRAN/HISTORY
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN FORTRAN
FORTRAN 90 First released as an ISO standard in 1991 and as ANSI standard
in 1992.

FORTRAN 95 Updated version of FORTRAN 90

FORTRAN 2003 This is a major revision that introduced that provide new features
like Derived Types, Object Oriented Programming, and
Interoperability with C programming language.
FORTRAN 2008 Updated version of FORTRAN 2003, which released in 2010.
MAJOR FACTS ABOUT FORTRAN/HISTORY
• Original versions, Fortran I, II and III are considered obsolete now.

• Most commonly used versions today are : Fortran 77, Fortran 90, and Fortran 95.

• Fortran 66 is first High Level Language Standard, and Card oriented.


BASIC PROGRAMMING/ IMPORTANT TERMS
DATA TYPES IN FORTRAN
NUMERIC DATA TYPES NON NUMERIC DATA TYPES

A. INTEGER A.LOGICAL
EXAMPLE: 1,2,3 HAS ONLY TWO POSSIBLE VALUES:
TRUE AND FALSE
B. REAL B. CHARACTER
EXAMPLE FOR EXPONENTIAL: 1E6, 1.2E7 ENCLOSED WITHIN A PAIR OF SINGLE
QUOTES : ‘123’, ‘HELLO WORLD’
C. DOUBLE PRECISION
EXAMPLE: 1.2D6, 2.1D9
D. COMPLEX
EXAMPLE: (3,1), (2.1D4,1.22D2)
BASIC PROGRAMMING/ IMPORTANT TERMS
FORTRAN is case insensitive. For example: hello, HELLO, HeLLo are all the same.

• In every Fortran program must begin with a


program line. ! For example
• Print* -instructs the compiler to print items to program New_Project
screen. print*,’hello world’
• You can write comments using ! end program

• Available Software for Fortran: For example:


Complier 1. gfortan on Linux Mint
Plotter 2. gnuplot
IDE 3. Code::Blocks
BASIC PROGRAMMING/ IMPORTANT TERMS
• FORTRAN - is a computer programming language that is extensively used in
numerical & scientifically computing. It’s applications are found in the scientific
fields, particularly numerical weather prediction, computations for fluid dynamics
and computational physics.

• FORTRAN stands for FORmula TRANslation

• It was the first High Level programming language, developed by John W. Backus and
his team for IBM in 1954.

• This language was commercially released in 1957.


APPLICATION OF FORTRAN
Why physicists still use Fortran?

Fortran is rarely used today in industry, However, Fortran is still a dominant language for the
large scale simulation of physical systems, for things like the astrophysical modelling of
stars and galaxies, hydrodynamics codes ,large scale molecular dynamics, electronic
structure calculation codes ,large scale climate models, etc.  In the field of high
performance computing (HPC), of which large scale numerical simulation is a subset, there
are only two languages in use today — C++ and “modern Fortran” (Fortran 90/95/03/08).
APPLICATION OF FORTRAN

Design of bridges
APPLICATION OF FORTRAN

Factory Automation Control


APPLICATION OF FORTRAN

Astrophysical modelling of stars and galaxies


REFERENCES:
• Retrieved from
https://www.moreisdifferent.com/2015/07/16/why-physicsts-still-use-fortran/
• Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/4157790/
• Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2MWbGN1vCY
• Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/santhosh833/fortran-introduction
• Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4q4vcJYSPE&t=127s

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