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Suspension System in Automobiles: BY, Amit Anand

The document discusses different types of suspension systems used in automobiles. It describes conventional suspension systems which use rigid axles connected to leaf springs. Independent suspension systems are also covered, including MacPherson strut, double wishbone, and multi-link designs. Air suspension and hydroelastic/hydragas suspension systems are explained as alternatives that use air or fluid pressure to provide a smoother ride. The advantages and disadvantages of different suspension layouts are briefly highlighted.

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Amit Anand
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516 views26 pages

Suspension System in Automobiles: BY, Amit Anand

The document discusses different types of suspension systems used in automobiles. It describes conventional suspension systems which use rigid axles connected to leaf springs. Independent suspension systems are also covered, including MacPherson strut, double wishbone, and multi-link designs. Air suspension and hydroelastic/hydragas suspension systems are explained as alternatives that use air or fluid pressure to provide a smoother ride. The advantages and disadvantages of different suspension layouts are briefly highlighted.

Uploaded by

Amit Anand
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUSPENSION SYSTEM IN

AUTOMOBILES

BY ,
AMIT ANAND
WHAT IS SUSPENSION SYSTEM

 Suspension is the term given to the system of


springs, shock absorbers and linkages that
connects a vehicle to its wheels
 Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the car's
handling and braking.
 Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
SUSPENSION SYSTEM – LAY OUT
DIFFERENT SUSPENSION SYSTEMS

 Conventional suspension system


 Independent suspension system

 Air suspension system

 Hydro elastic suspension system


CONVENTIONAL SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Two wheels are mounted on either side of the rigid axle
 When one wheel encounters the bump, both the wheel do
not execute parallel up and down motion
 So it gives rise to gyroscopic effect and wheel wobble

 Rear driving wheels mounted on live axle suspended by


laminated leaf springs and shock absorbers
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Both the front and the rear wheel are utilized
 Design incorporated in the front wheels

 One wheel goes down ,the other wheel does not have
much effect
 Basic classification of the design

1. MacPherson Strut

2. Double Wishbone

3. Multi link
MACPHERSON STRUT

 the most widely used front suspension


system in cars
 comprises of a strut-type spring and
shock absorber combo, which pivots
on a ball joint on the single, lower arm.
 The steering gear is either connected
directly to the lower shock absorber
housing, or to an arm from the front or
back of the spindle (in this case
 When you steer, it physically twists the
strut and shock absorber housing (and
consequently the spring) to turn the
wheel
DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION

Type of double-A or double


wishbone suspension
Wheel spindles are supported by
an upper and lower 'A' shaped arm.
The lower arm carries most of the
load.
If you look head-on at this type of
system, parallelogram system that allows
the spindles to travel vertically up and
down.
This side-to-side motion is known
as scrub
 Type of double-A arm suspension although the
lower arm in these systems can sometimes be
replaced with a single solid arm (as in my
picture).
 The spring/shock combo is moved from between
the arms to above the upper arm.
 This transfers the load-bearing capability of the
suspension almost entirely to the upper arm and
the spring mounts.
 The lower arm in this instance becomes a
control arm.
MULTI-LINK SUSPENSION
 It's currently being used in the Audi A8
and A4 amongst other cars.
 The basic principle of it is the same, but
instead of solid upper and lower
wishbones, each 'arm' of the wishbone is a
separate item.
 These are joined at the top and bottom of
the spindle thus forming the wishbone
shape.
 The super-weird thing about this is that as
the spindle turns for steering, it alters the
geometry of the suspension by torquing all
four suspension arms.
 Spring is separate from the schock
absorber.
ADVANTAGES ( INDEPENDENT FRONT )
 Bigger deflection of front wheels, no reaction on steering
 Greater distance for resisting rolling action
 Front axle (small-stub), improves road holding tendency of tyres.
 Minimum vibrations

DISADVANTAGES

 Better shock absorber required.


 Expensive
 Tyre wear increases due to transmission of torque.
ADVANTAGES ( INDEPENDENT REAR SUSPENSION)
 Lesser unsprung weight – improves ride , reduces tyre
wear.
 Increased passenger space

 Rear wheels remain stable ..

DISADVANTAGES
 Increased cost

 Complicated design

 Steering action is not proper


TRAVERSE SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Normally find on the rear suspension
 Combines independent double wishbone suspension with
a leaf spring.
 It involves one leaf spring mounted across the vehicle,
connected at each end to the lower wishbone.
 The centre of the spring is connected to the front
subframe in the middle of the car.
 There are still two shock absorbers, mounted one to
each side on the lower wishbones.
AIR SUSPENSION
 Comprises of compressor , suppling air to air tank
 Pressure maintained – 5.6 to 7 kg/sq.m

 Air bags – on each wheel

 As load applied , air bags compressed actuating the


levelling valve .
 Air from the tank fills the compressrd air bag & hence
raise the level of the frame.
 Air from air bag gets released as load on chassis
decreases .
AIR SUSPENSION LAYOUT
ADVANTAGES OF AIR SUSPENSION
 These maintain a constant frequency of vibration
whether the vehicle is laden or unladen.
 Constant frame height is maintained.

 It helps to reduce the load while the vehicle in motion


i.e. the dynamic loading as the spring rate variation
between laden and unladen weight is much less.
 It gives smooth and comfort ride of the vehicle.

 The stiffness of the system increases with the increase of


the deflection.
COMMON AIR SUSPENSION PROBLEMS

 Air bag or air strut failure


- due to old age, or moisture within the air system that
damages them from the inside.
 Compressor failure

- Primarily due to leaking air springs or air struts


- Compressor burnout may also be caused by moisture from
within the air system coming into contact with its electronic
parts.
 Dryer failure

- which functions to remove moisture from the air system


eventually becomes saturated and unable to perform that
function
HYDROLASTIC SUSPENSION

 a system where the front and rear suspension systems


were connected together in order to better level the car
when driving.
 The front and rear suspension units have Hydrolastic
displacers, one per side.
 These are interconnected by a small bore pipe. Each
displacer incorporates a rubber spring
 Damping of the system is achieved by rubber valves.
 when the front wheel encounter bumps ,the piston moves
upwards pressurising the fluid to enter into the rear unit.
 Hydroelastic was eventually refined into Hydragas
suspension.......
HYDROGAS SUSPENSION
 Known as hydro-pneumatic suspension.
 The difference is in the displacer unit itself.

 In the older systems, fluid was used in the displacer units


with a rubber spring cushion built-in.
 With Hydragas, the rubber spring is removed completely.

 The fluid still exists but above the fluid there is now a
separating membrane or diaphragm, and above that is a
cylinder or sphere which is charged with nitrogen gas.
 The nitrogen section is what has become the spring and
damping unit whilst the fluid is still free to run from the
front to the rear units and back.
DIFFERENCE …
HELPER SPRING

 DIRECTLY MOUNTED ON MAIN SPRINGS


 TAKE CARE OF LARGE VARIATION IN SPRING LOAD
 DURING LIGHT LOADS ,ONLY MAIN SPIRNG IS ACTIVE , AS LOAD
INCREASE TO A PARTICULAR FIXED VALUE , BOTH THE SPRINGS
ARE ACTIVE
AIR ASSISTED HELPER SPRING
LEAF HELPER SPRING

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