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    Concepts Underlying The Design of Health Programs

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    The document discusses concepts underlying the design of health programs. It defines public health as promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life through organized community efforts such as sanitation, disease control, education, and ensuring access to care. The goals of health programs in India include improving population health status and quality of life by promoting healthy lifestyles, supportive environments, and reducing health inequalities. The objectives are pursued through numerous national programs addressing issues like reproductive health, nutrition, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and health system strengthening. The programs aim to accomplish targets that positively impact health outcomes and reduce disease burden. Flexibility allows modification based on needs, with emphasis on monitoring outcomes.

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    Concepts Underlying The Design of Health Programs

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    MUTHUKUMARAN
    809 views31 pages
    The document discusses concepts underlying the design of health programs. It defines public health as promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life through organized community efforts such as sanitation, disease control, education, and ensuring access to care. The goals of health programs in India include improving population health status and quality of life by promoting healthy lifestyles, supportive environments, and reducing health inequalities. The objectives are pursued through numerous national programs addressing issues like reproductive health, nutrition, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and health system strengthening. The programs aim to accomplish targets that positively impact health outcomes and reduce disease burden. Flexibility allows modification based on needs, with emphasis on monitoring outcomes.

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    Concepts underlying the design of Health Programs

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    The document discusses concepts underlying the design of health programs. It defines public health as promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life through organized community efforts such as sanitation, disease control, education, and ensuring access to care. The goals of health programs in India include improving population health status and quality of life by promoting healthy lifestyles, supportive environments, and reducing health inequalities. The objectives are pursued through numerous national programs addressing issues like reproductive health, nutrition, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and health system strengthening. The programs aim to accomplish targets that positively impact health outcomes and reduce disease burden. Flexibility allows modification based on needs, with emphasis on monitoring outcomes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    809 views31 pages

    Concepts Underlying The Design of Health Programs

    Uploaded by

    MUTHUKUMARAN
    The document discusses concepts underlying the design of health programs. It defines public health as promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life through organized community efforts such as sanitation, disease control, education, and ensuring access to care. The goals of health programs in India include improving population health status and quality of life by promoting healthy lifestyles, supportive environments, and reducing health inequalities. The objectives are pursued through numerous national programs addressing issues like reproductive health, nutrition, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and health system strengthening. The programs aim to accomplish targets that positively impact health outcomes and reduce disease burden. Flexibility allows modification based on needs, with emphasis on monitoring outcomes.

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    Concepts underlying the

    design of Health Programs


    • Indian Academy of Public Health' definition of "Public Health": 
    • "Public health is the science and art of promoting health, preventing disease and prolonging life, to

    maintain a healthy and economically productive life so as to realize the birth right of each individual, by

    organizing a social machinery of community development to maintain a healthy environment, empower

    the people for maintaining a healthy life style and behavior, prevent epidemics, control communicable

    and non communicable diseases, addressing the social, economic and cultural determinants influencing

    health and disease, and also organizing a personal care and public health service for caring the sick and

    disabled specially during man made or natural calamities and epidemics."


    • by evolving and organizing a health care delivery system, staffed with adequately trained appropriate health work force

    to deliver health promotion, prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of diseases as a comprehensive

    package along with essential public health services which is to be universally available, equitably distributed and

    accessible to all the individuals and the community in need at an affordable cost, through intersectoral coordination,

    organized collective effort, community participation and ownership."


    Public Health
    • In 1920, C. E. A. Winslow, professor of public health at Yale University, defined public health as follows:

    • "Public health is the Science and Art of (1) preventing disease, (2) prolonging life, and (3) promoting health and
    efficiency through organized community effort for:

    (a) the sanitation of the environment,

    (b) the control of communicable infections,

    (c) the education of the individual in personal hygiene,

    (d) the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of
    disease, and

    (e) the development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance
    of health, so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to enjoy his birth right of health and
    longevity."

    (Quoted in Institute of Medicine. The future of public health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1988)
    CONCEPT Of HEALTH
    In the community Health is not perceived the same way
    by all members including various professional groups,
    the biochemical scientists, social scientists, health
    administrators and ecologists have given the concept of
    health.
    i. Biomedical Concept
    • Traditionally, health has been viewed as an "absence
    of disease", and if one was free from disease, then the
    person was considered healthy.

    • This concept, known as the "biomedical concept“ The


    medical profession viewed the human body as a
    machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown
    of the machine and one of the doctor's task as repair of
    the machine
    ii. Ecological Concept

    MAN Environment
    •Food
    •Population
    •Culture

    Quality of Life
    iii. Psychosocial Concept
    • Contemporary developments in social sciences revealed

    that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one

    which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural,

    economic and political factors of the people concerned.

    • These factors must be taken into consideration in

    defining and measuring health. Thus health is both a

    biological and social phenomenon.


    iv. Holistic Concept
    • It recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and
    environmental influences on health.

    • The holistic approach implies that all sectors of society


    have an effect on health, in particular, agriculture, animal
    husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public
    works, communications and other sectors.

    • The emphasis is on the promotion and protection of health.


    Concepts of Health Programs
    • Since India became independent, several measures have been taken
    under by the National Government to Improve the health of the
    people.

    • Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH


    PROGRAMS, which have been launched by the central government of
    control/ eradication of communicable diseases, improvement of
    environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of
    population and improving rural health.
    • The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is instrumental and
    responsible for implementation of various programmes on a national
    scale in the areas of health, prevention and control of major
    communicable diseases and promotion of traditional and indigenous
    systems of medicines.
    • A health program is a totality of an organized structure designed for
    the provision of a fairly discrete health-focused intervention, where
    that intervention is designed for a specific target audience.

    • Health programs, particularly in public health, tend to provide


    educational services, have a prevention focus, and deliver services
    that are aggregate or population-focused. In contrast, health services
    exist exclusively as direct services.
    • one superior, strategic goal: improving the health status of the
    population and enhancing the health-related quality of life;

    • the three key areas of activities aimed at accomplishing the strategic


    goal:
    • changing lifestyles,

    • developing the living and working environment supportive to health, and

    • reducing inequalities in health and access to health services


    Objectives and Activities of National Health Programmes in India

    The major objectives are listed down for improving the health status of


    the population and enhancing the related quality of life through:
    • Creating conditions and developing personal motivation, knowledge and skills
    to choose healthy lifestyle and undertaking actions for improving own health
    and that of the others.
    • Creating environments supportive to health, work and education.

    • Reducing inequalities in health and access to health services.


    • Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent health
    • Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK)

    • Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram(RKSK)

    • Rashtriya Bal SwasthyaKaryakram (RBSK)

    • Universal Immunisation Programme

    • Mission Indradhanush / Intensified Misson Indradhanush

    • Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)

    • Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)

    • NavjaatShishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK)

    • National Programme for Family planning


    National Nutritional Programmes
    • National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme

    • MAA (Mothers’ Absolute Affection) Programme for Infant and Young Child


    Feeding
    • National Programme for Prevention and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)

    • National Iron Plus Initiative for Anaemia Control

    • National Vitamin A prophylaxis Programe

    • Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

    • Mid-Day Meal Programme


    Communicable diseases
    • Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)

    • Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)

    • National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)


    • National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme

    • Programme for Prevention and Control of leptospirosis

    • National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)


    • Pulse Polio Programme

    • National Viral Hepatitis Control Program   

    • National Rabies Control Programme  

    • National Programme on Containment of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR)


    • Non-communicable diseases
    • National Tobacco Control Programme(NTCP)

    • National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke
    (NPCDCS)

    • National Programme for Control Treatment of Occupational Diseases

    • National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)

    • National Mental Health Programme

    • National Programme for Control of Blindness& Visual Impairment

    • Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme

    • National Programme for the Health Care for the Elderly (NPHCE)

    • National Programme for Prevention & Management of Burn Injuries (NPPMBI)

    • National Oral Health programme


    • Health system strengthening programs
    • Ayushman Bharat Yojana

    • Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) 

    • LaQshya’ programme (Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative) 

    • National Health Mission

    • National Digital Health Mission (NDHM)


    • one superior, strategic goal: improving the health status of the
    population and enhancing the health-related quality of life;

    • the three key areas of activities aimed at accomplishing the strategic


    goal:
    • changing lifestyles,

    • developing the living and working environment supportive to health, and

    • reducing inequalities in health and access to health services


    • Many positive changes in the health status of the population are expected due to the accomplishment of
    tasks identified in accordance with each target. It is also hoped that adverse effects of major health
    problems will be also reduced.

    • All tasks identified are given the highest priority, and they serve as the basis for the development of detailed
    plans of action and various programmes to be implemented at all levels by individual sectors. Flexibility is
    one of essential features of the NHP. The Programme can be further modified, individual targets and tasks
    changed, their number extended or limited according to arising needs and health problems.

    • It should be also stressed that while developing the present version of the NHP an attempt has been made
    to define more precisely expected outcomes of actions planned with the aim to attain the policy objectives
    and expected health gain.

    • In addition, much concern has been given to monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes of individual
    actions and programmes
    • Public health programs succeed and survive if organizations and coalitions address 6 key
    areas.

    1. Innovation to develop the evidence base for action;

    2. a technical package of a limited number of high-priority, evidence-based interventions


    that together will have a major impact;

    3. effective performance management, especially through rigorous, real-time monitoring,


    evaluation, and program improvement;

    4. partnerships and coalitions with public- and private-sector organizations;

    5. communication of accurate and timely information to the health care community,


    decision makers, and the public to effect behavior change and engage civil society; and

    6. political commitment to obtain resources and support for effective action.


    • MANY PUBLIC health programs do not achieve their potential impact,
    other programs succeed in improving health outcomes drastically.
    • Limited and unstable funding,

    • lack of automatic means to track and improve performance,

    • workforce limitations, and

    • insufficient political commitment can all cause public health programs to fail.
    • Implementation can succeed and be sustained if
    organizations and coalitions effectively address 6 key areas:
    • innovation,
    • a rigorously established technical package,
    • management,
    • partnerships,
    • communication, and
    • political commitment.

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