Digital Modulation

Dr. Martin Hope CEng MIEE

[email protected]

Newton 262

1
Traditional Modulation Techniques
AM, FM, and PM
Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) - Modulation

IN P U T TO TX RF STAG E
Data  1 L O W P A S S F IL T E R X  A  Cos   c  t   A  Cos   c  t   (t ) 

Figure 1 BPSK Modulator

A  Cos  c  t 

BPSK Modulated Carrier Q (Quadrature)

amplitude

1800 Phase shift

 rad/s shift

I (In Phase)
 Eb Eb

Out of Phase

Logic1 Logic 0
time
Figure 2 BPSK (Time domain) Figure 3 BPSK Constellation diagram
(Phase domain)
Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) - Demodulation

FRO M RX RF STAG E O UTPUT

A  Cos  c  t   (t )  X L O W P A S S F IL T E R
PLL
Data  1
DETECTO R

A  Cos   c  t 
Figure 4 BPSK Demodulator

St PHASE DETECTO R LPF M t

DC Output proportional to phase

VCO

AC proportional to phase difference DC Control signal

Figure 5 PLL Detector

Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) - Modulation

dk 
PRO DUCT
IN P U T D a t a L O G IC C IR C U IT
M O D U LATO R
D P S K S ig n a l
M k 

 d k 1 

Cos   c  t 
D ELAY
Tb
Figure 6 DPSK Modulator

M
k
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

d
k
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0

d
k
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

Table 1 DPSK Encoding d k  M k  d k 1

Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) - Demodulation

DPSK BANDPASS INTERATE THRESHOLD Demodulated

LOGIC CCT X
Signal FILTER AND DUMP DEVICE Signal

DELAY
Tb

Figure 7 DPSK Demodulator

- Probability of bit error rates (BPSK & DPSK)

 2 Eb 
Pe , BPSK  Q 

 N 0 
Where : Q is a function of distance between signal points in the phase domain
N 0 Noise spectral density (derived from AWGN)
1  Eb 
Pe , DPSK   exp  Eb Constitutes the energy per bit
2  N0 
Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) - Modulation
I Cos  c  t 

In P h a s e B D S X

B in a r y In p u t 1 /T S w it c h , T = 2 /R
R b its /s e c Q P S K O u tp u t
(1 /2 in p u t fr e q e n c y ) X
R /2 S y m b o ls / S e c

Q (Q u a d ra tu re )
[0,0] 0, 2
Q u a d ra tu re P h a s e B D S X

Es
O ut of P hase I (In P h a se )
Q Sin  c  t  3 
[1,1] [0,1]
2 2
Figure 8 QPSK Modulator schematic (2 x BPSK)

[1,0] 

Figure 9 QPSK Constellation diagram

Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) - Modulation

Figure 10 QPSK modulation (time domain representation)

Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) - Modulation & demodulation

Rb LPF X
Figure 11 QPSK modulator block diagram
2

S E R IA L T O

LO C AL
In p u t d a t a P A R A LLE L
O S C IL L A T O R
BPF Q P S K S ig n a l
CO NVERTER
Rb
900

Rb
2 LPF X

D E C IS IO N
X LPF
C IR C U IT

C A R R IE R
Q P S K S ig n a l BPF RECO VERY
C IR C U IT

SYM BO L
T IM IN G M U L T IP L E X
R e c o v e re d
Figure 12 QPSK demodulator block diagram 0
R ECO VERY d a ta
90

D E C IS IO N
X LPF
C IR C U IT
Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
Digital Modulation Techniques - Phase Shift Keying
 ANY QUESTIONS ?

12