Computer Graphics
With OpenGL
Outline
Philosophy
Composition
Recommended Reading
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What is computer graphics?
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Algorithms for 2D computer graphics
2D,3D geometrical transformations and
clipping
Illumination and shading
Curves and surfaces.
OpenGL
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Donald Hearn, M. Pauline Baker, Computer Graphics. PHI, 2nd
Edition, New Delhi, Reprint as on 2006.
OpenGL Redbook Version 1.1 (Online)
Zhigang Xiang, Roy A Plastock, Adapted by: P S Avadhani,
Computer Graphics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, New Delhi,
Special Indian Edition 2006.
Foley, Vandam & Feiner, Hughes, Computer Graphics
Principles & Practice, Second edition in C, Pearson Education
(Singapore Pvt Ltd, Indian Branch, Delhi) 6th Indian Reprint
2001.
Richard S Wright, Jr. Michael Sweet, Open GL Super Bible, 2nd
Edition
Woo, Mason and Neider, Jackie, Open GL Programming guide
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Why Study Computer Graphics?
It is the primary method of presentation of information from
computer to human.
It is a core component of any computer system, with
computer graphics playing a major role in:
◦ Entertainment - computer animation;
◦ User interfaces;
◦ Interactive visualisation - business and science;
◦ Cartography;
◦ Medicine;
◦ Computer aided design;
◦ Multimedia systems;
◦ Computer games;
◦ Image processing.
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Video Display devices
Refresh Cathode Ray Tubes
◦ Persistence of Phosphorus
◦ Resolution
◦ Aspect ratio
Raster Scan Display
◦ Frame buffer/Refresh Buffer
◦ Pixel
◦ Horizontal retrace
◦ Vertical retrace
Random Scan Display
◦ Draws one line at a time –vector displays
◦ Display file/refresh buffer
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Colour CRT monitors
◦ Beam Penetration method
◦ Shadow mask
Direct View Storage Tubes
◦ Stores information as charge distribution behind
phosphor coated screen.
Flat Panel Displays
◦ Emissive displays-convert electrical energy to
light(LED)
◦ Non Emissive Displays –convert sunlight or light
from some other source into graphics pattern(LCD)
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Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Joysticks
Data Glove
Digitizers
Light pen
Image Scanners
Touch Pens
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Architecture Of A Graphics System
Display
Frame Video
Processor Monitor
Memory Buffer Controller
Display System
CPU
Processor Memory
System Bus
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Graphics Software
There are two types
◦ General Programming package(GL, OpenGL)
◦ Special purpose application package (CAD, medical)
Coordinate Representation
Cartesian coordinates
Modeling/Local/Master coordinates
World coordinates
Device/screen coordinates
Normalized coordinates
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Graphics functions
Basic building blocks are called as output
primitives(point, lines)
Attributes –properties of output
primitives(colour, line style)
Geometric transformation-object
Modeling transformation –scene
Viewing Transformation –specify view
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Software Standards
GKS-Graphical Kernel System(GKS)
PHIGS-Programmers hierarchical interactive
graphics standard
Computer Graphics Interface(CGI)-
standardization of device interface method
Computer Graphics Metafile(CGM)-Standards
for archiving and transporting pictures
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