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    Existentialism

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    Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It examines human existence in the world and how people define their essence through the choices they make and experiences they have over a lifetime. Existentialists believe humans are responsible for determining their nature without external rules or traditions, and that existence precedes essence.

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    Existentialism

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    49 views9 pages
    Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It examines human existence in the world and how people define their essence through the choices they make and experiences they have over a lifetime. Existentialists believe humans are responsible for determining their nature without external rules or traditions, and that existence precedes essence.

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    Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It examines human existence in the world and how people define their essence through the choices they make and experiences they have over a lifetime. Existentialists believe humans are responsible for determining their nature without external rules or traditions, and that existence precedes essence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views9 pages

    Existentialism

    Uploaded by

    KIDONG Channel
    Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It examines human existence in the world and how people define their essence through the choices they make and experiences they have over a lifetime. Existentialists believe humans are responsible for determining their nature without external rules or traditions, and that existence precedes essence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    Existentialism

    Is known to be a cultural movement that flourished in Europe in the 1940s


    and 1950.
    It is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice.
    Seeks to examine and understand the totality of human existence and to
    deepen the knowledge of an individual of his own being
    • In the broader sense it is a 20th century philosophy that is centered upon
    the analysis of existence and of the way humans find themselves existing
    in the world. The notion is that humans exist first and then each individual
    spends a lifetime changing their essence or nature.
    • In simpler terms, existentialism is a philosophy concerned with finding
    self and the meaning of life through free will, choice and personal
    responsibility.
    • The belief is that people are searching to find out who and what they are
    throughout life as they make choices based on experiences, beliefs, and
    outlook.
    • An existentialist believes that a person should be forced to choose and be
    responsible without the help of laws, ethnic rules, or traditions.
    Existentialism – What It is and Isn’t
    • Existentialism takes into consideration the underlying concepts:
    • Human free will
    • Human nature is chosen through life choices
    • A person is best when struggling against their individual nature, fighting for life
    • Decisions are not without stress and consequences
    • There are things that are not rational
    • Personal responsibility and discipline is crucial
    • Society is unnatural and its traditional religious and secular rules are arbitrary
    “Existence precedes essence.”
    • Sartre says that for human beings, existence precedes essence. Basically, we exist
    first and then we do things that define ourselves and live our lives in whatever way
    we choose (and this determines our essence, and what it means to be a human being.)
    • Sartre is a French philosopher, writer and a significant figure in existentialism.
    • Essence - the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially
    something abstract, that determines its character.
    • It is man who creates his own being or essence through his actions emanating from
    his freedom.
    Existentialist
    • Existentialist –
    • Existentialist could either be a religious moralist, agnostic relativist, or an
    amoral atheist.
    • Kierkegaard – a religious philosopher
    • Nietzsche – an anti Christian
    • Sartre – an atheist
    • Camus – an atheist
    • All of them are credited for their works and writings about existentialism.

    • Kierkegaard - Soren Kierkegaard’s philosophy has been a major influence


    in the development of 20th-century philosophy,
    especially existentialism and postmodernism. Kierkegaard was a 19th-
    century Danish philosopher who has been called the "Father of
    Existentialism.“
    • he argues that "subjectivity is truth" and "truth is subjectivity." What he
    means by this is that most essentially, truth is not just a matter of
    discovering objective facts.
    • Friedrich Nietzsche -Among the chief elements of his philosophy are his
    radical rejection of the existence and value of objective truth;
    his atheistic critique of religion and morality, and of Christianity in
    particular, which he characterized as propagating a slave morality in the
    service of cultural decline and the denial of life; his characterization of the
    human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively
    understood as the will to power; and the affirmation of existence in
    response to the “death of God" and the profound challenge of nihilism.
    • Nihilism - is a philosophical doctrine that suggests the lack of belief in
    one or more reputedly meaningful aspects of life.
    • Sartre is noted for bringing the most international attention to
    existentialism in the 20th century

    End
    Sources
    www.Wikipedia.com
    www.allaboutphilosophy.org
    www.philosophybasics.com
    Book : Introduction to ETHICS with Social Philosophy and Values
    Formation

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