COMPUTERIZED NUMERICAL

CONTROL (CNC ) SYSTEM

Numerical control is a programmable automation

in which the process is controlled by numbers,
letters and symbols.
 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
WHAT IS CNC?

CNC – stand for Computerized Numerical Control. The

process of manufacturing machined parts in a production
environment, as controlled and allocated by computerized
controller that uses motors to drive each axis.

CNC machine operates like the manual machine, the only

difference is, instead of manual cranking the handles to
position the slide to a certain point it is done automatically
by a servo or step motor using a program stored in the
memory of the machine.
 BASIC COMPONENT OF NUMERICAL CONTROL
SYSTEM.
program instruction- this is a detailed step-by-
step set of direction, which tell the machine what
to do.
controller unit - the unit consist of the
electronics hardware, which read and interpret
the program of instructions and convert it into
mechanical actions of the machine tool.
machine tool – this is the part of the NC
system that perform useful work or do machining.
 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
CNC PROCESS
CNC Programming is much the same as conventional machining. The
machinist still has sole responsibility for the machine’s operation, although
control is no longer via manual turning of the axis hand wheels but through
efficient CNC programming and the use of the controller.
FLOW OF CNC PROCESSING
1.Develop the part drawing
2.Decide which machine will produce the part
3.Choose the tooling required.
4.Decide on the machining sequence
5.Do math calculations for the program coordinates.
6.Calculate the spindle speed and feed rates required for the tooling and part
materials
7.Write the CNC program
8.Verify and edit the program using either a virtual machine simulator or the
actual machine tool.
9.Verify and edit the program on the actual machine and edit it if necessary
10.Run the program and produce the part.
 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
COORDINATE SYSTEM AND MACHINE MOTIONS:
Numerical control uses the cartesian coordinate system to identify
each axis. X and Y are defined in the plane of the table. The Z axis is
perpendicular to this plane and movement in the Z direction is
parallel to the spindle of the machine. On milling, boring, and
drilling the Z axis is parallel to the rotating tool. In lathe and
cylindrical grinders, the Z axis is parallel to the rotating work piece.
+Y
+Z

CNC LATHE
+X
CNC MILLING
+X
+Z

As stated NC system convert alphanumeric information into machine

command. Since NC machine have several axes of control, a word address
letter must be assigned to each axis to ensure that dimensional information is
assigned to the correct slide. Plus and minus directions relative to the
movement of the tool and the workpiece must also be allocated.
AXIS AND MOTION NOMENCLATURE
All CNC machine tools follow the same standard
for motion nomenclature and the same coordinate
system. The standard defines a machine coordinate
system and machine movement so that a
programmer can describe machining operation.
Different machine tools have different machine
motion, but they always use the same coordinate
system. When describing, machine operation, the
programmer always calculates tool movement
relative to the coordinate system of the stationary
work piece.
 CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
+Z
+Y Y Y-axis

UCS
a b

+X d X- axis
c (0,0)
e f
g X
-X
PT. X Y PT. X Y
A A
B B
C C
D D
E -Y E
F Legend: F
G Scale division = 10mm G
CARTESIAN GRAPH FOR CNC MILLING
Measuring the distance to a location from a fixed origin is
referred to as the Absolute Coordinate System and
measuring the distance of a point relative to the last
point is referred to as Incremental /Relative Coordinate
system.
PT. X Y
A
SPINDLE /
M. Cutter B Y-axis
C
D G F
E D
E X- axis
F B
C
G
A
 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
REFERENCE POINT
There are two main reference points on CNC machine from
which to base all coordinates. The Machine Reference Zero
MRZ- a point on the actual machine and the Part Reference
Zero PRZ- a point of the actual work piece. All CNC machine
tool require a reference point from which to base all
coordinates.

MACH.
COLUMN
MRZ

PRZ (0,0) Work piece

MACH. TABLE
SPINDLE / M. Cutter

Work piece

MACH. TABLE
THE RIGHT HAND RULE OF COORDINATES
The machine coordinate system is described by the right
hand rectangular coordinate system.

The thumb represents the X axis, the forefinger the Y axis

and middle finger the Z axis. The directions of each finger
represent the positive direction of motion. The base of
your fingers are the start point or X0,Y0,Z0.

To determine the clockwise direction about an axis, close

your hand with the thumb pointing out. The thumb may
represent the X,Y,Z axis direction and the curl of the
fingers may represent the clockwise rotation about each
axis.
 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
PREPARING A CNC PROGRAM
A program is a sequential list of machining instructions for the
CNC machine to execute. These instructions are CNC code that
contains all the information required to machine a part.

G –CODES are preparatory functions, which involves actual tool moves. These
include rapid moves, radial feed moves, dwells and roughing and profiling
cycles. Most G-codes are modal- meaning it remain active until cancelled by
another G-code.

M –CODES are miscellaneous functions, which include action necessary for

machining, but not those that are an actual tool movement. These include
spindle ON and OFF , tool changes, coolant On and Off, program stop and
other similar related functions.

OTHER LETTER ADDRESSES OR VARIABLES

 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
G – CODES
G00 - Rapid positioning - modal
G01 – Linear interpolation motion - modal
G02 – Circular Interpolation motion CW - modal
G03 – Circular Interpolation motion CCW - modal
G04 – Dwell
G10 – Coordinate system origin setting
G12 – clockwise circular pocket - modal
G13 – counter clockwise circular pocket - modal
G15/G16- Polar Coordinate moves in G00 and G01
G17 - XY coordinate plane - modal
G18 - XZ coordinate plane - modal
G19 – YZ coordinate plane - modal
G20 – Inch Coordinate Positioning - modal
G21 – Metric Coordinate Positioning - modal
M – CODES
M00 – Program Stop- stop prog. Temp. regardless of setting
M01 – Optional Stop- stop temp.(if option stop is ON)
M02 – Program End- current line & resume by cycle start
M03 – Spindle ON Clockwise
M04 – Spindle ON Counter Clockwise
M05 – Spindle Stop- stop spindle from rotating
M06 – Tool Change –change the cutting tool
M08 – Coolant ON
M09 – Coolant OFF
M30 – Program End and Reset/rewind
M47- Repeat program from first line
M48- Override control- for speed & feed (if not disable)
M98 – CALL Subroutine- (file code separately written)
M99- return from sub routine/repeat (written in main prog.)
G28 – Automatic return to reference point / Machine Home
G29- Automatic return from reference point / Return home
G40 – Cutter comp. cancel for G41 and G42 - modal
G41 – Cutter compensation to left path - modal
G42 – Cutter compensation to right path - modal
G43 – Tool length offset/ compensation positive - modal
G44 – Tool length offset/compensation negative - modal
G49 – Tool length offset cancel - modal
G81 – Drilling cycle - modal
G90 – Absolute Positioning Command - modal
G91 – Incremental Positioning Command - modal
 NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
OTHER LETTER ADDRESSES OR VARIABLES
N - BLOCK NUMBER
G - PREP. FUNCTIONS
M – MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION
X - X AXIS Y – Y AXIS COORDINATE
Z – Z AXIS COORDINATE
I – X- AXIS LOCATION OF ARC CENTER (radius)
J – Y- AXIS LOCATION OF ARC CENTER (radius)
K – Z- AXIS LOCATION OF ARC CENTER (radius)
H – TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION (PLUS/MINUS)
S – SET THE SPINDLE SPEED
D – ASSIGN CUTTER COMPENSATION (LEFT/RIGTH)
F – ASSIGNS A FEED RATE
T - SPECIFIES TOOL TO BE USED
Q –repetitions of subroutine call
R – arc radius, canned cycle retract level
P – dwell time in canned cycle
L – number of repetition in canned cycle/subroutines
 CNC PROGRAM
The process of writing CNC programs is primarily the same as going through
the steps involved with conventional machining.
1. Decide which units area to be used (units/ inch) and what type of
coordinate system will be used.
2. A tool must be called up and spindle turned On
3. Feed rate is set before any G01/G02/G03 command
4. The tool must be rapid to a point close to the part to start the actual
machining
5. Do Dry run/ air cutting to see nothing terrible happen
THREE MAJOR PHASES OF CNC PROGRAM
1.PROGRAM SETUP – contains all the instructions that
prepare the machine for operation.
• Program Start flag %
• Four digit Prog. Number e.g. O0001
• Coordinate & unit of measurement e.g. G90 G21
• Tool change- M06
• Turn spindle ON- M03
 CNC PROGRAM
2. MATERIAL REMOVAL – deals on the actual cutting moves. It
contains all the commands that designate linear or circular
feed moves, rapid moves, canned cycles such as grooving or
profiling or any other function required.
• G00 X1 Y1
• Z 0.125
• G01 Z -0.125 F5
• G01 X2 Y2
• G00 Z 1
• X0 Y0
3. SYSTEM SHUTDOWN – Contains all those G and M Codes that
turn off all the options that were turned ON in the setup
phase.
• M05 –Turn Spindle OFF
• M30 – END of Program
 CNC PROGRAM ( 3 phases of prog)
EXAMPLE
:1001 - program number
N5 G17 G90 G20 -Use xy plane, absolute prog.,& inch. units
N10 M06 T2 -Stop for tool change, use tool # 2
N15 M03 S1200 -Turn the spindle on CW to 1200 rpm
N20 G00 X1 Y1 -Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point
N25 Z 0.125 -Rapid down to Z .125
N30 G01 Z-0.125 F10 -Feed down to Z -0.125 at 10 inch per min.
N35 G01 X2 Y2 -Feed diagonally
N40 G00 Z2 -Rapid up to Z 2.0
N45 X0 Y0 -Rapid to X 0, Y 0
N50 M05 -Turn the spindle Off
N55 M30 -End of program
 Sample CNC Prog. (G90,G20,G00, G01)
N5 G90 G20 -Use absolute programming , inch units
N10 M06 T2 -Stop for tool change, use tool # 2
N15 M03 S1200 -Turn the spindle on CW to 1200 rpm
N20 G00 X1 Y1 -Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point
N25 Z 0.125-Rapid down to Z .125
N30 G01 Z -0.125 F50 -Feed down to Z -0.125 at 50 inch per
min.
N35 G01 X2 Y2 -Feed diagonally
N40 G00 Z1 -Rapid up to Z 1.0
N45 X0 Y0 -Rapid to X 0, Y 0
N50 M05 -Turn the spindle Off
N55 M30 -End of program
 ORDER OF EXECUTION
The order of execution of items on a line is critical to safe and effective
machine operation. Items are executed in order if they occur on the same
line
1. Comment - % ( ) // comment does not cause the mach. to do anything
2. Set Feed rate (F)
3. Set spindle speed (S)
4. Select tool
5. Tool change (M6)
6. Spindle On/Off (M3,M4,M5)
7. Coolant On/Off (M7, M8, M9)
8. Dwell (G4)
9. Set active plane ( G17,G18,G19)
10. Set length units (G20,G21)
11. Cutter radius compensation On/Off (G40,G41,G42)
12. Set distance mode ( G90,G91)
13. Set canned cycle return level mode (G98,G99)
14. Perform motion (G0 to G3, G12, G13, G80 to G89)
15. Stop or repeat ( M0,M1,M2, M30,M47, M99)
 CNC PROGRAM(G00)
G00 - IS A RAPID TOOL MOVE. A rapid tool move is used when moving
the tool in a linear motion from position to position without cutting
any material. This command is NOT to be used for cutting materials,
as to do so would seriously damage the tool and work piece.
G00 rapid for X,Y move and Z move must be done separately
Note:
If the Z value represent negative move, x and y axes should be
executed first . If Z value represent positive move , x and y axes shld
be executed last

XY then Z Z then XY
XY -Z
 CNC PROGRAM (G01)
G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION
Linear Interpolation is a straight line feed moves. A G01 command is
specifically for the linear removal of material from a workpiece,
The G01 is modal and is subject to a user variable to a user variable
feedrate.
The G01 is not limited to one plane, it can be used to cut different angle on
three axis at the same time ( simultaneous feed moves)

Format: N_ G01 X_ Y_ Z_ F_

G01 command, straight –line feed

moves. (2-axes are used on flat plane). G01 command using Multi-axis feed
X-Y moves. (3-axes are used at once).X,Y,Z
 Work piece

MACH. TABLE
 CNC PROGRAM(G02/G03)
G02/G03 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION(CW/CWW)
Circular interpolation is a radial (or arc) feed moves. The G02
command is specifically for all clockwise radial feed moves,
whether they are quadratic arcs, partial arcs or complete circles as
long as they lie in any one plane.
Y Y

COUNTER CLOCKWISE
CLOCKWISE ROT. MOVEMENT
20
20

center End/
10 10
start center end start

X X
10 20 10 20
 G02/ G03 command requires an endpoint and a
radius in order to cut the arc. To find the radius ,
simply measure the distance from the start point to
the center point. The radius is written in terms of I for
x-axis and J for Y- axis and K for Z axis.
R for radius maybe used for ARC to a maximum of
movement of 180 degrees.
Y Y
Start X1 Y2 end
start Center X1 Y1 2
2
Radius i0 J -1 G03
__________________
1 1
center G02 X2 Y1 i0 J-1 center start
end
Or
X
1 X G02 X2 Y1 R1 1 2
2
G02 End point
 RADIUS FORMAT ARC
In the radius format, the coordinates of the end point of the arc
is the selected plane are specified along with the radius of the
arc. Program G02/G03 x _ y_ z_ r. R is the radius. A positive
radius indicates that the arc turns through 180 degrees or less,
while a negative radius indicates a turn of 180 deg to 359.999
degrees.

It is error if:
1.Both of the axis words for the axes of the selected plane are
omitted.
2.The end point of the arc is the same as the current point
 CENTER FORMAT ARC
In the center format, the coordinates of the end point of the arc in the
selected plane are specified along with the offset of the center of the arc from
the current location. In this format, it is ok if the end point is the same as the
current point.
It is an error if:
When the arc is projected on the selected plane, the dist. From the current
point to the center differs from the distance from the end point to the
center by more than 0.0002 inch. Or 0.002mm.

The center is specified using the I and J words. There are two ways of
interpreting them. The usual way is that I and J are the center relative to the
current point at the start of the arc. This is called INCREMENTAL IJ MODE.

The second way is that I and J specify the center as actual coordinates in the
current system. This is called ABSOLUTE IJ MODE
G17 G02 X10 Y16 I3 J4 – incremental mode radius are specified
G17 G02 X10 Y16 I10 J11 – absolute mode radius not specified
 Y- axis
y

20

10
end center start

X- axis START
10 20
20

10
END

0 30 40
 CNC PROGRAM (G02)
%
O1002
N05 G17 G90 G20 -Use XY plane, absolute, inch unit programming
N10 M06 T3 -Stop for tool change, use tool # 3
N15 M03 S1250 -Turn the spindle on CW to 1250 rpm
N20 G00 X1 Y1 -Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point
N25 Z 0.10 -Rapid down to Z .125
N30 G01 Z -0.10 F5 -Feed down to Z -0.125 at 5 inch per min.
N35 G02 X2 Y1 I0 J-1 F5 –Arc Feed CW, radius I0,J-1 at 5 ipm
N36 G01 X 3.5
N37 G02 X3 Y0.5 R2 f5 -Arc feed CW, radius 2
N38 X1 Y1 R2 - Arc feed CW, radius 2
N40 G00 Z 0.1 -Rapid up to Z
N45 X2 Y1.5 -Rapid to X, Y
G01 Z-.1 F5
N46 G02 X2 Y.5 I 0.25 J -0.25 - Full circle arc feed move CW
N47 G00 Z1 - Rapid move up to z1
N48 X0 Y0 - Rapid move to x0,y0
N50 M05 -Turn the spindle Off
N55 M30 -End of program
 CNC PROGRAM (G03)
N05 G90 G20 -Use absolute units, and inch programming
N10 M06 T3 -Stop for tool change, use tool # 3
N15 M03 S1250 -Turn the spindle on CW to 1250 rpm
N20 G00 X2 Y0.5 -Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point
N25 Z 0.125 -Rapid down to Z .125
N30 G01 Z -0.125 F5 -Feed down to Z -0.125 at 5 inch per min.
X3 Y0 F15
N35 G03 X3.5 Y1 R0.5 – G03 Arc using R value
N36 G01 X 3
N37 G03 X3 Y3.5 I-0.5 J 0 -G03 Arc using I and J
N38 G01 X2
G03 X2 Y1.5 I 0J -1 180 degrees arc using I and J
N40 G01 Y0.5 -
N45 G00 Z0.125
X1.5 Y2.5 -
G01 Z-.25 F5
N46 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 I 0.5 J - Full circle using I and J
N47 G00 Z1 - Rapid move up to z1
N48 X0 Y0 - Rapid move to x0,y0
N50 M05 -Turn the spindle Off
N55 M30 -End of program
 CNC PROGRAM
G41/42 CUTTER COMPENSATION (LEFT/RIGHT)
G41/G42 Command compensates the cutter a specified distance to the LEFT-hand/
RIGHT hand side of the programmed tool path. It is used when compensating for
excessive tool wear or when profiling a part.
This command refers to the offset register to determine the correct compensation
distance. When you set the offset registers prior to program execution, the MCU is able
to refer to them when required. Each numbered register is accessed by the letter
address D for CNC milling.
PROG. PATH
NOTE:
1.When the POWER is turned ON G40 is effective
2.The XY plane (G17) is ineffective when the Power is turned ON
3.The direction of compensation (right/left) indicated above are
reversed when the sign of the tool radius value in the offset memory
designated by a “D” code is negative.
4.Make sure to designate a “D” code in the block containing G41/G42
or in the preceding block e.g. G17, G41. D20, (XY plane, left of centre)
5.If D_ is commanded, tool radius will be regarded as Zero.
6.Switching between G41 and G42 can be made in the compensation
mode.
7.When after the tool radius compensation is programmed by G41,G42
the tool moves along the offset path until the instruction G40 is given.
8.Give the instruction G40 before sending the machine to the home
position.
 METHOD OF ENTRY INTO COMPENSATION MODE
When G41(G42) is programmed, the tool moves to an offset position equal
to the distance of the radius. The offset position is on the normal line at the
short point of the block immediately after G41(G42).
IF no co-ordinate instruction is program in the block of G41(G42),
TOOL movement is made by the offset value only. A G41/G42 must accompany a
G40 movement (GO1 or G00)

G41

PROGRAM PATH

EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: G42
G17 G01 F __
G17 G01 F __ G41 G41(G42) D_ X__ Y__
G41 (G42) D _ X__
X__ Y__
X_
PROGRAM PATH

G42
 Sample program
N05 G90 G20 G40 -Use absolute, and inch units prog. Cutter comp. cancel
N10 M06 T3 -Stop for tool change, use tool # 3
N15 M03 S1250 -Turn the spindle on CW to 1250 rpm
N20 G00 X2 Y0.5 -Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point
N25 Z 0.125 -Rapid down to Z .125
N30 G01 Z -0.125 F5 -Feed down to Z -0.125 at 5 inch per min.
N31 G01 G41 X3 Y0 F15 - Cutter compensation left
N35 G03 X3.5 Y1 R0.5 – Arc using R value
N36 G01 X 3
N37 G03 X3 Y3.5 I-0.5 J 0 - Arc using I and J
N38 G01 X2
N39G03 X2 Y1.5 I 0J -1 180 degrees arc using I and J
N40 G40 G01 Y0.5 - Cutter compensation cancel -
N45 G00 Z0.125
N46 X1.5 Y2.5 -
G01 Z-.25 F5
N46 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 I 0.5 J - Full circle using I and J
N47 G00 Z1 - Rapid move up to z1
N48 X0 Y0 - Rapid move to x0,y0
N50 G47 M05 -Repeat from first line,Turn the spindle Off
N55 M30 -End of program
 CIRCULAR POCKET CW/CCW (G12/G13)
These circular pocket are a sort of canned cycle which can be used to
produce a circular hole larger than the tool in use or with a suitable tool (like
a woodruff key cutter) to cut internal groove for “O” ring.
G12 i_ for clockwise move
G13 i_ for counter clockwise move
The tool is moved in the X direction by the value if the I word and a circle cut
in the direction specified with the original X and Y coordinates as the center.
The tool is returned to the center.

EXIT and ENTER POLAR MODE(G15/G16)

IT IS POSSIBLE TO G00 AND G01 MOVES in the X/Y plane only to
specify coordinates as a radius and angle relative to a temporary
center point. Program G16 to enter this mode. The current
coordinate of the controlled point are the temporary center.
G15 revert to normal cartesian coordinates
 CNC PROGRAM (G43,G44)
G43/44 TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION (PLUS/ minus)
The G43/44 command compensates for tool length in a positive/ negative
direction
Tools have varying length and when changed in a program, any variation
in tool length will throw the origin point out of zero.
This command uses the offset register found in the setup menu. The letter
address H is used to call up the particular register.
 Sample program
N05 G90 G20 G40 -Use absolute, and inch units prog. Cutter comp. cancel
N10 M06 T3 -Stop for tool change, use tool # 3
N12 G43 H13 - Cutter length compensation plus using tool#3 reg. no.13
N15 M03 S1250 -Turn the spindle on CW to 1250 rpm
N20 G00 X2 Y0.5 -Rapid to X1, Y1 from origin point
N25 Z 0.125 -Rapid down to Z .125
N30 G01 Z -0.125 F5 -Feed down to Z -0.125 at 5 inch per min.
N31 G01 G41 X3 Y0 F15 - Cutter compensation left
N35 G03 X3.5 Y1 R0.5 – Arc using R value
N36 G01 X 3
N37 G03 X3 Y3.5 I-0.5 J 0 - Arc using I and J
N38 G01 X2
N39G03 X2 Y1.5 I 0J -1 180 degrees arc using I and J
N40 G40 G01 Y0.5 - Cutter compensation cancel -
N45 G00 Z0.125
N46 X1.5 Y2.5 -
G01 Z-.25 F5
N46 G03 X1.5 Y2.5 I 0.5 J - Full circle using I and J
N47 G00 Z1 - Rapid move up to z1
N48 X0 Y0 - Rapid move to x0,y0
N50 G49 M05 -Cutter compensation cancel and spindle Off
N55 M30 -End of program
 CNC PROGRAM (G81, G82)
G81 DRILLING CYCLE: (N _ G81 Z_ R_ F_ )
The G81 Command invokes a drill cycle at specified locations. The G81 cycle
involves several different Z heights; Z initial plane , Z depth, Z retract plane.
Example:
N5 G00 X0 Y0 Z1
G82 COUNTER BORING CYCLE: (N _
N10 X1 Y1 Z0.5 G82 Z_ R_ P_ F_ )
N15 G81 Z-0.25 R 0.125 F5 The G82 Command follow the same
operating procedures as the G81 drilling
cycle does, with the addition of dwell, or
pause that stop Z-axis from moving while
spindle continues rotating
Example:
N5 G90 G80 G20
N 8 G00 X0 Y0 Z1
N10 X1 Y1 Z0.5
0.5 Feed down N13 G82 Z-0.25 R 0.125 P1 F5
/Retract N15 X2
0.5
N18 G80 G00 Z1
0.25 N20 M05
 CNC PROGRAM (G04)
G04 DWELL
G04 command halts all axis movement for a specified time, while
the spindle continues revolving at the specified RPM. This
command requires a specified duration, denoted by the letter P
followed by the time in seconds. A dwell is used largely in drilling
operations.
EXAMPLE:
N5 G00 X0 Y0 Z1
N10 X1 Y1 Z0.5
N12 G01 Z-.25 F5
Dwell at the N15 G04 P0.5- dwell for 0.5
bottom of sec.
the cycle N18 G01 Z.5
 SAMPLE PROGRAM
Start position x0,y0, z15
% THE G92 command is
:1004 used to reposition the
G90 G17 G21
origin point. The origin
M06 T3
M03 S 1500 point is a reference
G00 X 25 Y25 point to which the
Z 10 coordinates relate.
G01 Z- 2 F100 Generally the origin
G02 X25 Y25 I0 J25 F100
point is located at a
G00 Z 20
X40 Y40 prominent point or
G92 X25 Y25 - Reposition origin point object ( example from
G01 Z-2 F 100 left corner of the
G02 X25 Y25 I0 J25 F100 workpiece) so that it is
G00 Z20
easier to measure from.
X40 Y40
G92 X25 Y25 - Reposition origin point
M05
M30
 CNC PROGRAM
M00 Command is a temporary program stop function. When it is
executed, all functions are temporarily stopped, and will not restart
unless prompted by user input. This command is used to clear chips,
take measurement etc..

M03 / M04 command switches the spindle ON /OFF in a CW/CCW

rotation. The spindle speed is designated by letter S followed by
speed in rpm.

M05 command turns the spindle OFF. This command is dedicated to

shutting the spindle off only. This command is found at the end of
program.

M06 command halts all program operations for a tool change

M30 – command to stop the prog. & return to first G-code line