Thermodynamics Introduction: Dr. Asiri Indrajith

Thermodynamics introduction
Dr. Asiri Indrajith
[email protected]
0716367129
9/14/21
Introduction
Thermodynamic systems
What is thermodynamics
• The science of energy that concerns with the ways in which the energy is
stored within a body.
• Energy transformation- mostly involve heat and work movement
• The fundamental law is the conservation of energy principle: energy cannot
be created or destroyed, but can only be transformed from one form to
another
Introduction
Heat
Is a form or energy which is transferred from one body to

another body at a lower temperature. For example, when
there is a body with certain temperature around 30 degrees, is
brought int contact with the body B at a lower temperature
body B. the there will be a heat transfer in-between two
bodies until the temperature of A and B are equal. When they
come to a same temperature there is no heat transfer between
bodies, and they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
Introduction
Microscopic and macroscopic thermodynamics
• Microscopic thermodynamics:
• All the atoms and molecules of the system are considered and the summation of all the and
molecules are used. It is statistical approach of thermodynamics
• Macroscopic thermodynamics
• When matter are considered as continuos function of space variable. It is classical approach of
thermodynamics, which requires simple mathematical formula for analyzing the system .
Introduction
Thermodynamic systems, surrounding and boundary
System:
Collection of matter within prescribed and identifiable boundaries
Open system
System in which there is a transfer of mass across the boundaries
Introduction
Pressure of the system:

The pressure of the system is the force exerted by the system on unit area on its boundaries. Here
pressure is defined as the absolute pressure. N/m2 or Pa and Bar
Absolute, gauge and vacuum pressure:

Actual pressure at a given point is called as absolute pressure
Most pressure gauge devices care calibrated the value relative to the
atmospheric pressure. Therefore, that gives the gauge pressure
Pressure below atmospheric pressure are called vacuum pressure

Introduction

Introduction
A vacuum gauge is connected to a chamber which reads 0.2 Bar at a location where
the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 Bar. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber.
Introduction

• Variation of pressure with depth.
• P= h.z.g
• Pressure difference between two points in a constant density

fluid is proportional to the vertical distance between the
points. Same height points has same pressure.
Introduction
Systems properties
Introduction
Systems properties
Work:
Is defined as the product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the
force. When the boundary of a closed system moves in the direction of the force
acting on it, then the surroundings do work on the system.
When the boundary is moved outwards the work is done by the system on the
surrounding. The unit of the work is Nm.
Introduction
Systems properties
Heat and work are transitory energies and must not confused with intrinsic energy
possessed by a system. For example, when a gas contained in a well lagged cylinder is
compressed by moving the piston to the left, the pressure and temperature of the gas
are observed to increase, and hence the intrinsic energy of the gas increases. The
intrinsic energy increase in the gas has been caused by the work done by the piston on
the gas.
Introduction
Systems properties
Consider a gas contained in a rigid container and heated, since the boundaries of the
system are rigidly fixed then no work is done on or by the system. The pressure and
temperature of the gas are observed to increase, and hence the intrinsic energy of the
gas will increase. The increase in intrinsic energy has been caused by the heat flow to
the system
Introduction
MCQ
1. Select the correct statement

1. Both molecular weight and total weight of a gas are intensive properties
2. Both molecular weight and total weight of a gas are extensive properties
3. Total weight of a gas is an extensive property molecular weight is an intensive property
4. Total weight of a gas is an intensive property molecular weight is an extensive property
2. The internal energy of a substance

1. decreases with increase in temperature
2. increases with increase in temperature
3. remains unaffected with change in temperature
4. can be calculated by the relation E = mc2
Introduction
Thermometer and thermometric property

Thermometer and thermometric property
Introduction
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Thermodynamics introduction

Dr. Asiri Indrajith

Is a form or energy which is transferred from one body to

Microscopic and macroscopic thermodynamics

Thermodynamic systems, surrounding and boundary

Thermodynamic systems, surrounding and boundary

Pressure of the system:

Absolute, gauge and vacuum pressure:

Pressure below atmospheric pressure are called vacuum pressure

Thermodynamic systems, surrounding and boundary

Thermodynamic systems, surrounding and boundary

Thermodynamic systems, surrounding and boundary

• Pressure difference between two points in a constant density

1. Select the correct statement

2. The internal energy of a substance

Thermometer and thermometric property

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