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    Polarity of Molecules

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    Emmanuel Kenneth Contreras Potoy
    This document discusses the polarity of molecules. It defines polar and nonpolar molecules. A molecule is polar if it contains polar bonds, has unshared electrons on a central atom, or the bonds from the central atom involve different atoms. A molecule is nonpolar if it contains only nonpolar bonds or all the bonds to the central atom are the same and there are no unshared pairs on the central atom. The document provides examples of polar bonds, such as C-O, C-N, O-H, C-F, N-H, and C-Cl, and identifies H-H as a nonpolar bond.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Polarity of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    Emmanuel Kenneth Contreras Potoy
    118 views25 pages
    This document discusses the polarity of molecules. It defines polar and nonpolar molecules. A molecule is polar if it contains polar bonds, has unshared electrons on a central atom, or the bonds from the central atom involve different atoms. A molecule is nonpolar if it contains only nonpolar bonds or all the bonds to the central atom are the same and there are no unshared pairs on the central atom. The document provides examples of polar bonds, such as C-O, C-N, O-H, C-F, N-H, and C-Cl, and identifies H-H as a nonpolar bond.

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    This document discusses the polarity of molecules. It defines polar and nonpolar molecules. A molecule is polar if it contains polar bonds, has unshared electrons on a central atom, or the bonds from the central atom involve different atoms. A molecule is nonpolar if it contains only nonpolar bonds or all the bonds to the central atom are the same and there are no unshared pairs on the central atom. The document provides examples of polar bonds, such as C-O, C-N, O-H, C-F, N-H, and C-Cl, and identifies H-H as a nonpolar bond.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    118 views25 pages

    Polarity of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    Emmanuel Kenneth Contreras Potoy
    This document discusses the polarity of molecules. It defines polar and nonpolar molecules. A molecule is polar if it contains polar bonds, has unshared electrons on a central atom, or the bonds from the central atom involve different atoms. A molecule is nonpolar if it contains only nonpolar bonds or all the bonds to the central atom are the same and there are no unshared pairs on the central atom. The document provides examples of polar bonds, such as C-O, C-N, O-H, C-F, N-H, and C-Cl, and identifies H-H as a nonpolar bond.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    PHYSICAL SCIENCE

    OBJECTIVES Determine if a molecule is polar or nonpolar given


    its structure

    Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties


    MATTER

    Material substance that constitutes


    the observable universe and,
    together with energy, forms the
    basis of all objective phenomena.
    STATES OF MATTER

    SOLID

    LIQUID

    GAS

    PLASMA

    BOSE – EINSTEIN CONDENSATE


    1 MOLECULE
    A group of two or more atoms
    that form the smallest identifiable
    unit into which a pure substance
    can be divided and still retain the
    composition and chemical
    properties of that substance
    1.a Diatomic Molecule
    Contain two identical atoms that are chemically
    bonded.

    1.b Polyatomic Molecule


    Contain two different atoms that are chemically
    bonded.

    1.c Polymer
    Molecules may contain many thousands of
    component atoms.
    DIATOMIC MOLECULES
    POLYATOMIC MOLECULES
    POLYMER
    POLARITY OF
    MOLECULES

    If a molecule has no net electrical charge, its


    negative charge is equal to its positive charge.
    The forces experienced by such molecules
    depend on how the positive and negative
    charges are arranged in space.
    POLARITY OF
    MOLECULES

    Nonpolar molecules generally are considered


    lipophilic (lipid-loving), whereas polar
    chemicals are hydrophilic (water-loving).
    POLAR MOLECULES

    Molecule in which one end of the molecule is


    slightly positive, while the other end is slightly
    negative.

    A diatomic molecule that consists of a polar


    covalent bond, such as HF, is a polar molecule.
    NONPOLAR MOLECULES

    Has no separation of charge, so no positive or


    negative poles are formed.

    Tend to dissolve well in nonpolar solvents,


    which are frequently organic solvents.
    MOLECULAR
    2 BONDS
    A molecular, or covalent bond, is
    formed when atoms bond by
    sharing pairs of electrons. This
    sharing can occur from atom to
    atom, or from an atom to another
    molecular bond.
    2.a Polar Covalent Bond
    • Involves an unequal sharing of electrons
    between two bonded atoms.

    • There is a difference in electronegativity


    between the bonded atoms
    2.a.1 Polarity of water
    • Water molecules have a polar arrangement of
    the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side
    (hydrogen) has a positive electrical charge and
    the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge.

    • Water can become so heavily attracted to a


    different molecule, like salt (NaCl).

    • Water is capable of dissolving a variety of


    different substances.
    2.b Nonpolar Covalent Bond
    • Involves an equal sharing of electrons
    between two bonded atoms.

    • Bond form when there is a similar the


    electronegativity value of the atoms
    participating in a bond.
    ELECTRONEGATIVITY

    Ability of an atom to attract shared electrons


    in a covalent bond
    Polar bonds Which of the following bonds found in organic
    molecules are polar?

    C-C
    C-O
    C-N

    O-H
    C-F
    N-H
    C-Cl
    Polar Bonds Which of the following bonds found in organic
    molecules are polar?

    C-O
    C-N

    O-H
    C-F
    N-H
    C-Cl

    All are polar, except C-C


    Nonpolar Bonds
    Which of the following bonds found in organic
    molecules are non polar?

    N-H
    Al - Cl
    Mg - O

    H-F
    H-H
    Ca - Cl
    SUMMARY A molecule is polar if
    • It contains polar bonds
    • There are unshared electrons on a central
    atom
    • The bonds from the central atom involve
    different atoms

    A molecule is non polar if


    • It contains only nonpolar bonds
    • All the bonds to the central atom are the same
    and there are no unshared pairs on the central
    atom
    THANK YOU

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