IPv6

Presentation On NEXT
GENERATION PROTOCOL
IPv6
Presented By
Sabinaya Mohapatra
8th SEM(CSE)
RegdNo:0701293132
What is ip ?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary
network protocol used on the Internet,
developed in the 1970s when the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
became interested in establishing a packet-
switched network that would facilitate
communication between dissimilar computer
systems at research institutions.
For what is an IP Address used?
When your computer is on the Internet,
anything you do requires data to be
transmitted and received. For example, when
you visit a web site, such as www.orkut.com,
data is transmitted to your computer in order
to load the content of the web page. The
server where www.orkut.com is located needs
to know where to send the data.

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When you connect to www.orkut.com, it
receives your IP Address and then knows where
to send the data. For example, someone that
needs to mail you a letter has to know your
address in order to send it to you just like a
server needs to know your IP Address to send
you data.
How does IP address work?
An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a
numerical identification (logical address)
that is assigned to devices participating
in a computer network utilizing the
Internet Protocol for communication
between its nodes.

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Although IP addresses are stored as binary
numbers, they are usually displayed in
human-readable notations, such as
192.168.100.1 ( for IPv4), and
2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6). The role
of the IP address has been characterized as
follows:
“A name indicates what we seek.”
“An address indicates where it is.”
“A route indicates how to get there.”
Types of IP address ?
1) Static IP address
2) Shared  IP address
An IP Address is a 32-bit number that identifies a
computer on the Internet. Every web site on the internet is
found not by its domain name but by its IP address.

When someone types the address: www.xyz.com it is

translated into an IP address and then the computer is
directed to that IP address which is the web site.

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 Now every single website has an IP address
specifically allocated to it. If every site assigned a
separate IP address then there could be a problem
with running out of IP addresses so a lot of the sites
on the server use a single IP address for multiple
sites.

       Thus, using more than one site on an IP address

is called a Shared IP address. If a site has its own IP
address, and shares with no one else, it is called a
Static IP address.
 There are two versions of IP address
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth
revision in the development of the Internet Protocol
(IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be
widely deployed. IPv4 is still by far the most widely
deployed Internet Layer protocol. IPv4 is described in
IETF publication RFC 791 (September 1981), replacing
an earlier definition (RFC 760, January 1980).
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IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on
packet-switched Link Layer networks (e.g.,
Ethernet). It operates on a best effort delivery
model, in that it does not guarantee delivery,
nor does it assure proper sequencing, or avoid
duplicate delivery. These aspects, including
data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer
transport protocol (e.g., Transmission Control
Protocol).
IPv6
 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a version
of the Internet Protocol (IP) that is designed to
succeed Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4).
 The Internet operates by transferring data in
small packets that are independently routed
across networks as specified by an international
communications protocol known as the Internet
Protocol.

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 Each data packet contains two numeric
addresses that are the packet's origin and
destination devices. Since 1981, IPv4 has been
the publicly used Internet Protocol, and it is
currently the foundation for most internet
communications.
 The Internet's growth has created a need for
more addresses than IPv4 has. IPv6 allows for
vastly more numerical addresses
The IPv6 header format
 
 The format of the IPv6 packet header has been
simplified from its counterpart in IPv4.
 The length of the IPv6 header increases to 40 bytes
(from 20 bytes) and contains two 16-byte addresses
(source and destination), preceded by 8 bytes of
control information.
 The IPv4 header has two 4-byte addresses
preceded by 12 bytes of control information and
possibly followed by option data.

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The reduction of the control information
and the elimination of options in the header
for most IP packets are intended to optimize
the processing time per packet in a router.
 The infrequently used fields that have
been removed from the header are moved to
optional extension headers when they are
required.
IPv6 addressing
 
The IPv6 address model is specified in RFC 4291 – IP
Version 6 Addressing Architecture. IPv6 uses a 128-bit
address instead of the 32-bit address of IPv4.
That theoretically allows for
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,4
56 addresses. Even when used with the same
efficiency as today's IPv4 address space, that still
allows for 50,000 addresses per square meter of land
on Earth.
 Features of IPv6
Larger Address Space
Aggregation-based address
hierarchy:- Efficient backbone routing
Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
Security (IPsec mandatory)
Mobility
 128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234

8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”

Leading zeros can be removed

3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234

:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers

 Major Improvements of
IPv6 Header
• No option field: Replaced by extension
header. Result in a fixed length, 40-byte
IP header.
• No header checksum: Result in fast
processing.
• No fragmentation at intermediate
nodes: Result in fast IP forwarding.
 IPv4 vs IPv6
IPv4
Addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length.
Address (A) resource records in DNS to map host
names to IPv4 addresses.
IPSec is optional and should be supported
externally
Header includes a checksum.
Header includes options.
Configured either manually or through DHCP.
IPv6
Addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length
Address (AAAA) resource records in DNS to map host
names to IPv6 addresses.
IPSec support is not optional
Header does not include a checksum.
Optional data is supported as extension headers.
Does not require manual configuration or DHCP.
 Conclusion
 IPv6 is NEW …
– built on the experiences learned from IPv4
– new features
– large address space
– new efficient header
– autoconfiguration
 … and OLD
– still IP
– build on a solid base
– started in 1995, a lot of implementations and
tests done
Any Questions??