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Dalton's Atomic Model

Dalton's atomic model proposed that all matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical, but different elements have different types of atoms. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions, they only rearrange. This model helped explain observations from chemical experiments in a simple and consistent way.

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Hadeel Ibrahem
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225 views16 pages

Dalton's Atomic Model

Dalton's atomic model proposed that all matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical, but different elements have different types of atoms. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions, they only rearrange. This model helped explain observations from chemical experiments in a simple and consistent way.

Uploaded by

Hadeel Ibrahem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dalton’s atomic model

What are atoms like ?

• Atoms are the fundamental building block of chemistry


• Matter is made of a collection of different types of atoms
• Scientists have discovered 118 kind of atoms which we call
elements. You can find them laid out on a chart called the
periodic table.
• All things around you are made of atoms ,but a single atom is
so small .it is impossible to see with the naked eyes .
Modern periodic table of elements
Development of
atomic theory .
• Democritus was first to use the world :
atom .
• He said all matter is made up of tiny
particles called Atomos .meaning
‘indivisible’ .
• Democritus thought these particles had
different sizes and shapes .which
explained the different properties of
substances .
Dalton’s atomic
model
• In 1805 .the English chemist john Dalton published his atomic theory
or model , which said :
• All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms .
• The atoms in an element are all identical (but each element has its
own type of atom )
• Atoms are indestructible and cannot be created or destroyed .
• In compounds , each atom of an element is always joined fixed
number of atoms of other element.
• During chemical reaction ,atoms rearrange to make new substances .
Key words
• Atoms : atoms are small particles from which all substances are made
• Element : A simple substance ,made up of only one type of atom .
• Compound : A substance contain two or more elements join together
• Chemical reaction : A change in which one or more new substances
are formed .
Page 86
• 1. how did Democritus explain the different properties of substances ?
Democritus thought that substances were made up of tiny particles
(called atoms) which had different sizes and shapes and so different
properties
• 2.describe what we now know about spacing and movement of
particles in ice ,water and steam
In ice the particles are close together and vibrate while fixed in
position. In water the particles are close together but can move past
each other. In steam the particles are far apart and move freely in all
directions.
• 3. use Dalton’s model to describe what an element is like
• The atoms in an element are all identical and each element has its
own type of atom
• 4. suggest a difference between how Democritus and Dalton worked
out their ideas .
• Democritus just thought up his answers while Dalton carried out
experiments (then thought about what the results meant).
Physical
properties
Some elements used in fire works and their
Magnesium (Mg)
• Silvery colour .
• Shiny solid .
• Melts at 650 C
• Flexible
Sulfur
Yellow solid
Melts at 113
Brittle
Copper (Cu)
• Browny colour
• Shiny solid
• Melts at 1083
• Flexible
• Carbon
• Black solid
• Melts at 3500 C
• Brittle
5. Draw a table to compare the physical of the
four elements in the previous slide
Element Appearance Melting point (C) Flexible or brittle

Magnesium

sulfur

copper

carbon
6.Which physical properties allow us to work out the state of an
element at room temperature ?

• Melting point and boiling point .


• 7. a what change will occur if liquid gallium is removed from the hand
in photo d .
• a freezing (solidifying)
• b any three from: melting – changing from solid to liquid; sublimating
– changing from solid to gas; condensing – changing from gas to
liquid; evaporating – changing from liquid to gas
Physical change : A
change in which no
new substance are
formed .
Symbols : the letter or letters that represent an
element
• To show different atoms. Dalton introduced symbols to represent
them .
• Dalton’s symbols
• The modern symbols consist of one or two letters ( the first letter
being a capital ) e.g. C for carbon and Cl for chlorine . They have been
agreed by the International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry
(IUPAC).
• 8. c \ Why are international symbols useful ?
• so scientists can communicate with each other, even if they speak
different languages

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