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Discrete Math: According To Andy Hayes

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are discrete or discontinuous. It concerns itself with finite collections of discrete objects like combinations, graphs, and logical statements. Logic is the study of reasoning and focuses on the relationships between statements rather than their content. Logical methods are used in mathematics to prove theorems and in computer science to prove that programs are functioning as intended. Propositions are statements that can be either true or false. Common logical connectives include conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditionals, and biconditionals.

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111 views

Discrete Math: According To Andy Hayes

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are discrete or discontinuous. It concerns itself with finite collections of discrete objects like combinations, graphs, and logical statements. Logic is the study of reasoning and focuses on the relationships between statements rather than their content. Logical methods are used in mathematics to prove theorems and in computer science to prove that programs are functioning as intended. Propositions are statements that can be either true or false. Common logical connectives include conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditionals, and biconditionals.

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Dom
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DISCRETE MATH

 ACCORDING TO ANDY HAYES, MUHAMMAD RASEL PARVEJ, HUA ZHI VEE IS THE STUDY OF


MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES THAT ARE COUNTABLE OR OTHERWISE DISTINCT AND SEPARABLE.

 IS THE MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.

 CONCERNS ITSELF MAINLY WITH FINITE COLLECTIONS OF DISCRETE OBJECTS.

 EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURES THAT ARE DISCRETE ARE COMBINATIONS, GRAPHS AND LOGICAL


STATEMENTS.
https://brilliant.org/wiki/discrete-mathematics/
LOGIC

 Greek word logos, which means "reason, idea, or word."


https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/logical
 Is the study of reasoning.
 Is specially concerned with whether the reasoning is correct.
 Focuses on relationship among statements as opposed to the content of
any particular statement.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/logic
LOGICAL METHOD

 Is used in Mathematics, to prove theorems.


 In Computer Science and Information Technology, to prove that programs
do what they are alleged to do.
PROPOSITION

 A sentence that is either true or false but not both is called a proposition,
 Are the basic building blocks of any theory of logic.
EXAMPLE:

All mathematician wear sandals.


Anyone who wears sandals is an algebraist.
Therefore, all mathematician are algebraist.

 Technically, logic is of no help in determining whether any of these


statements is true,; however, if the first two statements are true, logic
assures us that the statement “All mathematician are algebraist.” is also
true.
MATHEMATICAL STATEMENT

 A mathematical sentence is a sentence that states a fact or contains a


complete idea. A sentence that can be judged to be true or false is called
a statement, or a closed sentence.
TYPES OF LOGICAL CONNECTIVES/ MATHEMATICAL
STATEMENT

 CONJUNCTION
 DISJUNCTION
 NEGATION
 CONDITIONAL
 BICONDITIONAL
CONJUNCTION

 In logic, a conjunction is a compound sentence formed by the


word and to join two simple sentences.

 The symbol for this is Λ. (whenever you see Λ , just read 'and') When
two simple sentences, p and q, are joined in a conjunction statement, the
conjunction is expressed symbolically as p Λ q.
EXAMPLES:

SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE:


CONJUNCTION
p: Joe eats fries. p /\ q : Joe eats fries and Maria drinks
q: Maria drinks soda. soda.
p: Lee takes Computer Science. P /\ q: Lee takes Computer Science and
q: Lee takes Mathematics. Lee takes Mathematics.
DISJUNCTION

 In logic, a disjunction is a compound sentence formed using the


word or to join two simple sentences.
 The symbol for this is V . (whenever you see V read 'or') When two
simple sentences, p and q, are joined in a disjunction statement, the
disjunction is expressed symbolically as p V q.
 Pneumonic: the way to remember the symbol for disjunction is that, this
symbol V looks like the 'r' in or, the keyword of disjunction statements.
EXAMPLES:

SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE:


DISJUNCTION
p: Joe eats fries. p V q : Joe eats fries or Maria drinks soda.
q: Maria drinks soda.
p: Lee takes Computer Science. P V q: Lee takes Computer Science or Lee
q: Lee takes Mathematics. takes Mathematics.
NEGATION

 Indicates the opposite, usually employing the word not.


 The symbol to indicate negation is : ” ~ ”
EXAMPLES:

SIMPLE SENTENCE NEGATION


Today is Monday. Today is not Monday.
That was fun. That was not fun.
CONDITIONAL/IMPLICATION

 In logic, a conditional statement is compound sentence that is usually


expressed with the key words 'If....then...’.
 Using the variables p and q to represent two simple sentences, the
conditional "If p then q" is expressed symbolically as p → q. 
EXAMPLES:

SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE:


CONDITIONAL
p: You are absent p → q : If you are absent, then you have a
q: You have a make up assignment to make up assignment to complete.
complete.
p: Today is Monday. p → q : If today is Monday, then it is hot.
q: It is hot.
BICONDITIONAL/EQUIVALENCE

 In logic, a conditional statement is compound sentence that is usually


expressed with the key words ‘If and only if…then...’.
 Using the variables p and q to represent two simple sentences, the
conditional “p If and only if then q" is expressed symbolically as p  q. 
EXAMPLE:

SIMPLE SENTENCE COMPOUND SENTENCE:


BICONDITIONAL
p: You are absent p    q : If and only if you are
q: You have a make up assignment to absent, then you have a make up
complete. assignment to complete.

p: Today is Monday.  : If and only if today is Monday, then it is


q: It is hot. hot.
LET’S TRY:

Direction: Formulate the following symbols in words using the given statement.

STATEMENT SYMBOL ANSWER


a: Today is Monday. a /\ c
b: It is raining.
bVc
c: It is hot.
~a V b
a → ~b
a    c
NOTE:

 The “LET’S TRY” portion is need to be submitted. I will send it to you separately via Google classroom. This
will serve as a recitation. With a score of 50 points in all.
 Thank you..
That’s end our discussion/module for today..
Thank you!!!
Keepsafe everyone!!!

Godbless us…

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