Diss 6

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PRAYER BEFORE STUDY

Creator of all things, true Source of light and wisdom,


lofty origin of all being, graciously let a ray of Your brilliance
penetrate into the darkness of my understanding
and take from me the double darkness
in which I have been born, an obscurity of both sin and ignorance.
Give me a sharp sense of understanding,
a retentive memory, and the ability to grasp things correctly and
fundamentally.
Grant me the talent of being exact in my explanations,
and the ability to express myself with thoroughness and charm.
Point out the beginning, direct the progress, and help in completion;
through Christ our Lord. Amen.
Dominant
Approaches and Ideas
of
Social Sciences – Part 1
Psychoanalysis
a set of psychological theories and
therapeutic techniques that have
their origin in the work and theories
of Sigmund Freud. The core idea at
the center of psychoanalysis is the
belief that all people possess
unconscious thoughts, feelings,
desires, and memories.
Sigmund Freud
• Father of Psychoanalysis
• Jewish background, though
avowed atheist.
• He had a medical background
wanted to do “neurophysiologic
research”.
• He had a private practice in
nervous and brain disorders.
Levels of Mental Life
Unconscious
The material that we have no
immediate access to, and we cannot
bring into consciousness. It includes
repressed feelings, hidden
memories, habits, thoughts, desires,
and reactions
Levels of Mental Life
Preconscious
It stores all the thoughts of which
you could bring into consciousness
fairly easily if you wanted to;
thoughts that can be easily recalled
without special techniques.
Levels of Mental Life

Conscious
It contains those thoughts of which
you are currently aware (e.g. logic
and reasoning).
Provinces of the Mind
Id
• It is the oldest and most primitive
psychic energy;
• Is concerned only with satisfying
personal desires; and
• The actions taken by the id are
based on the Pleasure Principle
(motivate the organism to seek
pleasure).
Provinces of the Mind
Ego
• The “executive”;
• The primary job of the ego is to
mediate/ balance the demands of
the Id and the outer forces of
reality;
• The center of reason, reality-
testing, and common sense; and
• Governed by the Reality Principle
Provinces of the Mind
Superego
• The “ideal”;
• The moral arm of the personality,
it corresponds to one’s
conscience; and
• Bids the psychic apparatus to
pursue idealistic goals and
perfection.
Rational Choice Theory
It is the view that people behave as
they do because they believe that
performing their chosen actions has
more benefits than costs. That is,
people make rational choices based
on their goals, and those choices
govern their behavior.
Assumptions of RCT

Individualism
It is the ability of individuals to
ultimately take actions.
(independent, self-reliant)
Assumptions of RCT

Optimality
Individuals choose their actions
optimally, given their individual
preferences as well as the
opportunities or constraints with
which the individuals face. (best or
most effective)
Assumptions of RCT
Structures
These structures and norms
that dictate a single course of
action are merely special cases
of rational choice theory.
Assumptions of RCT

Self-Regarding Interest
This assumption states that the
actions of an individual is concerned
entirely with his/her own welfare.
Assumptions of RCT

Rationality
It is the most predominant
assumption of the rational choice
theory.
Strengths of RCT
Generality
This means that one set of
assumptions relating to each type of
actor in a given circumstance is
compatible with any set of
assumptions about the
environmental setting in which the
actor is present.
Strengths of RCT

Parsimony (Cheapness)
The common knowledge of
rationality assumption.

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