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FALLSEM2020-21 ITE1002 ETH VL2020210105038 Reference Material I 06-Aug-2020 Java Script

The document provides an introduction to JavaScript including what it is, what it can do, its history and how to write JavaScript code. It covers JavaScript basics like variables, operators, output, conditional statements, loops and functions.

Uploaded by

Chirosuke Tashi
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38 views91 pages

FALLSEM2020-21 ITE1002 ETH VL2020210105038 Reference Material I 06-Aug-2020 Java Script

The document provides an introduction to JavaScript including what it is, what it can do, its history and how to write JavaScript code. It covers JavaScript basics like variables, operators, output, conditional statements, loops and functions.

Uploaded by

Chirosuke Tashi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 91

Topic

Introduction to
JavaScript
s
Variables
Conditional and Loops
Events
Functions
Frames
HTML document
Predefined Objects
Image Object
Layers
Drag and Drop
Building a Sample
Form.
1
Introduction
JavaScript is the most popular scripting language on the
internet, and works in all major browsers, such as Internet
Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari.
JavaScript is used in billions of Web pages to add functionality,
validate forms, communicate with the server, and much more.
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages
JavaScript is a scripting language
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts
execute without preliminary compilation)
Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license
2
What Can JavaScript do?
 JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML
authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting
language with a very simple syntax!
 JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute
when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or
when a user clicks on an HTML element
 JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can
read and change the content of an HTML element
 JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used
to validate form data before it is submitted to a server. This saves the
server from extra processing
 JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A
JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser, and - depending
on the browser - load another page specifically designed for that
browser
 JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used
3to store and retrieve information on the visitor's computer
Histor
JavaScript was invented byyBrendan Eich at Netscape
(with Navigator 2.0), and has appeared in all browsers
since 1996.
The official standardization was adopted by the ECMA
organization (an industry standardization association) in 1997.
ECMA-262 is the official JavaScript standard.

4
Writing to The HTML Document
The HTML <script> tag is used to insert a JavaScript into an
HTML page.
<html> <body>
<h1>My First Web Page</h1>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<p>" + Date() + "</p>");
</script>
</body>
</html>

5
Where to write the Java Script
Scripts in <head> and <body>
 You can place an unlimited number of scripts in your document, and you
can have scripts in both the body and the head section at the same time.
 It is a common practice to put all functions in the head section, or at the
bottom of the page. This way they are all in one place and do not interfere
with page content.
Using an External JavaScript
 JavaScript can also be placed in external files.
 External JavaScript files often contain code to be used on several
different web pages.
 External JavaScript files have the file extension .js.
 Note: External script cannot contain the <script></script> tags!
 To use an external script, point to the .js file in the "src" attribute of the
<script> tag:
<html><head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="xxx.js"></script>
</head>
6<body></body></html>
Statements
Unlike HTML, JavaScript is case sensitive - therefore watch
your capitalization closely when you write JavaScript
statements, create or call variables, objects and functions.
A JavaScript statement is a command to a browser. The
purpose of the command is to tell the browser what to do.
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<h1>This is a heading</h1>");
document.write("<p>This is a paragraph.</p>");
document.write("<p>This is another
paragraph.</p>");
</script>

7
Comments
Single line comments start with //
Multi line comments start with /* and end
with */

8
Variables
Variables are "containers" for storing information.
Rules for JavaScript variable names:
Variable names are case sensitive (y and Y are two different
variables)
Variable names must begin with a letter, the $ character,
or the underscore character
Declaring (Creating) JavaScript Variables
var x;
var carname="Volvo";

9
Local JavaScript Variables
A variable declared within a JavaScript function becomes
LOCAL and can only be accessed within that function. (the
variable has local scope).
Local variables are destroyed when you exit the function.

Global JavaScript Variables


Variables declared outside a function become GLOBAL, and
all scripts and functions on the web page can access it.
Global variables are destroyed when you close the page.
If you declare a variable, without using "var", the variable
always becomes GLOBAL.
10
Operators
Arithmetic Operators: + - * / % ++ --
Assignment operators: = += -= *= /= %=
To add two or more string variables together, use the +
operator. txt1="What a very";
txt2="nice day";
txt3=txt1+” “
+txt2;
Comparison
Operators :
==
!=
>
1 1 >=
<
Output ???
<html> x=5+"5";
<body> document.write(x);
<script document.write("<br />");
type="text/javascript"> var x="5"+5;
x; document.write(x);
x=5+5; document.write("<br />");
document.write(x); </script>
document.write("<br />"); <p>The rule is: If you add a
x="5"+"5"; number and a string, the
document.write(x); result will be a string.</p>
document.write("<br />"); </body>
</html>
12
If...Else Statements
<html><body> <html><body>
<script <script
type="text/javascript"> var type="text/javascript"> var
d = new Date();
var time = d.getHours(); r=Math.random();
if (time<10) if (r>0.5)
{ {
document.write("<b>Goo document.write(“
d morning</b>");
} <a href=‘http://www.w3schools.com
else if (time>=10 && ’> Learn Web Development!
time<16) </a>");
{ }
document.write("<b>Goo else
d day</b>");
} {
else document.write("<a
{ href=‘ftp://192.168.2.172/lab/’>Vis
document.write("<b>Hell it FTP Data!</a>");
o World!</b>"); }
} </script></body></html>
1 3 </script>
</body></html>
Switch Statement
<html><body>
<script
type="text/javascript"> var
var
d=new Date(); //Note that
theDay=d.getDay(); Sunday=0,Monday=1,
etc.
switch (theDay)
{case 5: document.write("Finally Friday");
break; case 6: document.write("Super
Saturday"); break; case 0:
document.write("Sleepy Sunday"); break;
default: document.write("I'm looking forward
to this weekend!");
1 4}

</script></body><html>
For
<html><body> Loop<html><body>
<script <script
type="text/javascript"> var type="text/javascript"> for (i
i=0;
= 1; i <= 6; i++)
for (i=0;i<=5;i++)
{ {
document.write("The number document.write("<h" + i +
is " + i); ">This is heading " + i);
document.write("<br >"); document.write("</h" + i +
} ">");
</script></body></html> }
</script>
</body>
15
</html>
While and Do-While
<html>
<body>
Loop <html>
<body>
<script <script
type="text/javascript"> var type="text/javascript"> var
i=0; i=0;
while (i<=5) do
{ {
document.write("The document.write("The
number is " number is "
+ i); + i);
document.write("<br document.write("<br
>"); i++; >"); i++;
} }
</script> while (i<=5);
</body> </script>
</html> </body>
16 </html>
Break and Continue Statement
<html> <body> <html> <body>
<script <script
type="text/javascript"> var type="text/javascript"> var
i=0; i=0
for (i=0;i<=10;i++) for (i=0;i<=10;i++)
{ {
if (i==3) if (i==3)
{ {
break; continue;
} }
document.write("The document.write("The
number is " number is "
+ i); + i);
document.write("<br >"); document.write("<br >");
} }
</script> </body> </html> </script> </body> </html>
17
Functions
To keep the browser from executing a script when the page
loads, you can put your script into a function.
A function contains code that will be executed by an event or
by a call to the function.
You may call a function from anywhere within a page (or
even from other pages if the function is embedded in an
external .js file).
Functions can be defined both in the <head> and in the
<body> section of a document. However, to assure that a
function is read/loaded by the browser before it is called, it
could be wise to put functions in the <head> section.

18
Function Definition
function functionname(var1,var2,...,varX)
{ some code }
The parameters var1, var2, etc. are variables or values passed
into the function.The { and the } defines the start and end of the
function.
A function with no parameters must include the parentheses ()
after the function name.
Do not forget about the importance of capitals in JavaScript!
The word function must be written in lowercase letters,
otherwise a JavaScript error occurs! Also note that you must
call a function with the exact same capitals as in the function
name.
1 The
9 return statement is used to specify the value that is
returned from the function.
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function product(a,b)
{
return a*b;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write(product(4,3));
</script>
</body>
</html>
20
Popup Boxes
JavaScript has three kind of popup
boxes:
1. Alert Box
2. Confirm Box
3. Prompt box

21
Alert An alert box is often used if you want to make sure
information comes through to the user. When an
Box alert box pops up, the user will have to click "OK"
<html> <head> to proceed.
<script
type="text/javascript">
function show_alert()
{ alert("I am an alert
box!"); }
</script> </head>
<body>
<input type="button"
onclick="show_alert()"
value="Show alert box"
>2 2
</body> </html>
A confirm box is often used if you want the
Confirm user to verify or accept something. If the user
Box clicks "OK", the box returns true. If the user
clicks "Cancel", the box returns false.
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript">
function show_confirm()
{
var r=confirm("Press a
button"); if (r==true)
{ alert("You pressed
OK!"); } else
{ alert("You pressed
Cancel!");
}
}
</script> </head>
<body>
23
<input type="button"
Prompt Box
A prompt box is often used if you want the user to input a value
before entering a page.
When a prompt box pops up, the user will have to click either
"OK" or "Cancel" to proceed after entering an input value.
If the user clicks "OK" the box returns the input value. If
the user clicks "Cancel" the box returns null.

24
<html> <head> <script
type="text/javascript"> function
show_prompt()
{
var name=prompt("Please enter your name","Harry
Potter"); if (name!=null && name!="")
{ document.write("<p>Hello " + name + "! How
are you today?</p>"); }
}</script> </head>
<body>
<input type="button"
onclick="show_prompt()"
value="Show prompt box"
>
</body> </html>
25
Objects
JavaScript is an Object Based Programming language.
An Object Based Programming language allows you to define
your own objects and make your own variable types.
An object is just a special kind of data. An object has properties
and methods.
Properties are the values associated with an
object. var txt="Hello World!";
document.write(txt.length);
Methods are the actions that can be performed on
objects. var str="Hello world!";
document.write(str.toUpperCase());

26
String object
The String object is used to manipulate a stored piece
of text. var txt="Hello world!";
document.write(txt.length); //12
document.write(txt.toUpperCase()); //HELLO
WORLD! document.write(txt.match("world") );
//world document.write(txt.match("World") ) ;//null
document.write(txt.indexOf("world")); //6
var str="Visit Microsoft!";
document.write(str.replace("Microsoft","CTS")); //Visit
CTS!

27
Example:
var txt = "Hello World!";
document.write("<p>Big: " + txt.big() + "</p>");
document.write("<p>Small: " + txt.small() + "</p>");
document.write("<p>Bold: " + txt.bold() + "</p>");
document.write("<p>Italic: " + txt.italics() + "</p>");
document.write("<p>Strike: " + txt.strike() + "</p>");
document.write("<p>Fontcolor: " +
txt.fontcolor("green") +
"</p>");
document.write("<p>Fontsize: " + txt.fontsize(6) +
"</p>"); document.write("<p>Subscript: " + txt.sub() +
"</p>"); document.write("<p>Superscript: " + txt.sup() +
"</p>"); document.write("<p>Link: " +
txt.link("http://www.w3schools.com") + "</p>");
document.write("<p>Blink: " + txt.blink() + " (does not
work in IE,
Date Object
The Date object is used to work with dates and times.
var d = new Date();
getDate()  Returns the day of the month (from 1-31)
getDay()  Returns the day of the week (from 0-6)
getYear()Returns the year (four digits)
getHours()Returns the hour (from 0-23)
getMinutes()Returns the minutes (from 0-59)
getMonth()Returns the month (from 0-11)
getSeconds()Returns the seconds (from 0-59)
getTime()  Returns the number of milliseconds since midnight
Jan 1, 1970
29
Difference between two dates
<html> <body> <script>
var dateFirst = new Date("11/25/2017");
var dateSecond = new
Date("11/28/2017");
// time difference
var timeDiff =
Math.abs(dateSecond.getTime() -
dateFirst.getTime());
// days difference
var diffDays = Math.ceil(timeDiff / (1000 *
3600 * 24));
// difference
alert(diffDay
30
s);
Boolean Object
The Boolean object represents two values: "true" or
"false".
var myBoolean=new Boolean();
 0 False
1 True

31
Array
Object
 The Array object is used to store multiple values in a single
variable.
 myCars[0]="Saab" // argument
var myCars=new Array(); to array
// regular control array's
(add an optional
;integer size)
myCars[1]="Volvo
 ";
var myCars=["Saab","Volvo","BMW"]; //literal array
 myCars[2]="BM
var myCars=new Array("Saab","Volvo","BMW"); // condensed
W";
array var a=new Array(10);
for(var i=0;i<10;i++)
{
a[i]=i+1;
document.write(a[i
]);
}
32
Example 1:
var parents = ["Jani", "Tove"];
var children = ["Cecilie",
"Lone"]; var family =
parents.concat(children);
document.write(family); //
Jani,Tove,Cecilie,Lone
Example 2:
var brothers = ["Stale", "Kai Jim",
"Borge"]; var family =
parents.concat(brothers, children);
document.write(family);
//Jani,Tove,Stale,Kai
Jim,Borge,Cecilie,Lone
Example 3:
var
3 3 fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple" ];

document.write(fruits.join() + "<br >"); //Banana,Orange,Apple


Example 4:
var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"];
document.write(fruits.pop() ); //Mango //remove the last item
document.write(fruits );//Banana,Orange,Apple
document.write(fruits.push("Lemon","Pineapple") ); //5
document.write(fruits);//Banana,Orange,Apple,
Lemon,Pineapple document.write(fruits.reverse());//Pineapple,
Lemon, Apple, Orange,
Banana
document.write(fruits.shift() ); // Pineapple
document.write(fruits);// Lemon, Apple, Orange,
Banana
document.write(fruits.unshift("Kiwi","Pineapple") );
//6
34

// added 5th and 6th


Example 5:
Var fruits= [“Lemon”, “Apple”, “Orange”, “Banana”];
//Display from index 0 to index 2 (0 and1)
document.write(fruits.slice(0,2)); // Lemon, Apple
document.write(fruits.slice(1));//Apple, Orange, Banana
//From 1st document.write(fruits.slice(-2));// Orange,
Banana //Last 2 items Example 6:
var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"];
document.write(fruits.sort()); //
Apple,Banana,Mango,Orange var n = ["10", "5", "40",
"25", "100", "1"];
document.write(n.sort()); //1,10,100,25,40,5
Example 7:
var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"];
35
document.write(fruits.toString());
Numbers
The Number() function converts the object argument to a
number that represents the object's value.
If the value cannot be converted to a legal number, NaN is
returned.
Note: If the parameter is a Date object, the Number() function
returns the number of milliseconds since midnight January 1,
1970
var test4= 10 , test5= 20;
document.write(test4
+test5); //1020
document.write(Number(test4)+Number(test5)); //30
document.write(Number("99.66")
+Number("01.34") ); //101 The parseInt() function parses
a 3string
6 and returns an integer.
Math Object
sqrt(x)Returns the square root of x
ceil(x)Returns x, rounded upwards to the nearest
integer
floor(x)Returns x, rounded downwards to the nearest
integer
exp(x)Returns the value of Ex
log(x)Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x
max(x,y,z,...,n)Returns the number with the highest
value
min(x,y,z,...,n)Returns the number with the lowest
value
pow(x,y)Returns the value of x to the power of y
random()Returns a random number between 0 and 1
round(x)Rounds x to the nearest integer
3 7sin(x)Returns the sine of x (x is in radians)

For...In Statement
The code in the body of the for...in loop is executed once
for each property.
for (variable in object)
{
code to be executed
}
var person={fname:"John",lname:"Doe",age:25};//object
creation var x;
for (x in person)
{
document.write(person[x] + " "); // John Doe 25
}
38
Events
 By using JavaScript, we have the ability to create dynamic web pages.
Events are actions that can be detected by JavaScript.
 Every element on a web page has certain events which can trigger a
JavaScript. For example, we can use the onClick event of a button
element to indicate that a function will run when a user clicks on the
button. We define the events in the HTML tags.
Examples of events:
 A mouse click
 A web page or an image loading
 Mousing over a hot spot on the web page
 Selecting an input field in an HTML form
 Submitting an HTML form
 A keystroke
Note: Events are normally used in combination with functions, and the
function will not be executed before the event occurs!
39
onLoad and onUnload
 The onLoad and onUnload events are triggered when the user enters
or leaves the page.
 The onLoad event is often used to check the visitor's browser type
and browser version, and load the proper version of the web page
based on the information.
 Both the onLoad and onUnload events are also often used to deal
with cookies that should be set when a user enters or leaves a page.
For example, you could have a popup asking for the user's name
upon his first arrival to your page. The name is then stored in a
cookie. Next time the visitor arrives at your page, you could have
another popup saying something like: "Welcome John Doe!".
onFocus, onBlur and onChange
 The onFocus, onBlur and onChange events are often used in
combination with validation of form fields.
 The checkEmail() function
will be called whenever the user
changes the content of the field:
 <input type="text" size="30" id="email"

40
onchange="checkEmail()" />
onSubmit
The onSubmit event is used to validate ALL form fields before
submitting it.
The checkForm() function will be called when the user clicks
the submit button in the form. If the field values are not
accepted, the submit should be cancelled. The function
checkForm() returns either true or false. If it returns true the
form will be submitted, otherwise the submit will be cancelled:
<form method="post" action="xxx.htm"
onsubmit="return checkForm()">
onMouseOver
The onmouseover event can be used to trigger a function when
the user mouses over an HTML element.

41
onresize The event occurs when the size of an element has
changed
onselect The event occurs after some text has been
selected in an element
onclickThe event occurs when the user clicks on an
element
ondblclickThe event occurs when the user double-clicks
on an element
onkeypressThe event occurs when the user is pressing a
key or holding down a key
Event Properties:
screenX  Returns the horizontal coordinate of the mouse
pointer, relative to the screen, when an event was triggered
screenY  Returns the vertical coordinate of the mouse
pointer, relative to the screen, when an event was triggered
42
<html> <head> innerHTML  Sets
<script or returns the
type="text/javascript"> HTML contents
function displayDate() (+text) of an
{ element
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML=Date();
} </script> </head>
<body>
<h1>My First Web Page</h1>
<p id="demo">This is a paragraph.</p>
<input type= "button" onClick="displayDate()" value="Display
Date">
</body>
</html>
43
Output

44
Try...Catch Statement
When browsing Web pages on the internet, we all have seen a
JavaScript alert box telling us there is a runtime error and
asking "Do you wish to debug?". Error message like this may
be useful for developers but not for users. When users see
errors, they often leave the Web page.
try
{
//Run some code here
}
catch(err)
{
//Handle errors here
}

45
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript"> var
txt="";
function message()
{
try
{ adddlert("Welcome guest!"); }
catch(err)
{ txt="There was an error on this page.\n\n";
txt+="Error description: " + err.message +
"\n\n"; txt+="Click OK to continue.\n\n";
alert(txt); } }
</script> </head> <body>
<input type="button" value="View message"
onclick="message()" >
46
</body> </html>
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript"> var
txt="";
function message()
{
try
{adddlert("Welcome guest!");
} catch(err)
{
txt="There was an error on this page.\n\n";
txt+="Click OK to continue viewing this
page,\n"; txt+="or Cancel to return to the home
page.\n\n"; if(!confirm(txt))
{ document.location.href=
"http://www.w3schools.com/";
}
}
}
<html> <body> <script type="text/javascript">
var x=prompt("Enter a number between 5 and
10:",""); try
{ if(x>10)
{ throw "Err1"; } The throw statement allows you to
else if(x<5) create an exception. The exception
{ throw "Err2"; } can be a string, integer, Boolean or
else if(isNaN(x)) an object.
{ throw throw exception;
catch(err "Err3"; }
){ }
if(err=="Err1")
{ document.write("Error! The value is too high.");
} if(err=="Err2")
{ document.write("Error! The value is too low.");
} if(err=="Err3")
{ document.write("Error! The value is not a
number."); }
48 }
</script> </body> </html>
Special Characters
In JavaScript you can add special characters to a text string by
using the backslash sign.
\'  single quote
\"  double quote
\\  backslash
\n  new line
\t  tab

49
Form Object
The Form object represents an HTML form.
For each <form> tag in an HTML document, a Form object is
created.
Forms are used to collect user input, and contain input elements
like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and
more. A form can also contain select menus, textarea, fieldset,
legend, and label elements.
Forms are used to pass data to a server.

Form Object Collections


elements[] Returns an array of all elements in a form

50
Form Object Properties
acceptCharset  Sets or returns the value of the accept-
charset attribute in a form.
Eg: Character encoding for Unicode (UTF-8 ) , Latin
alphabet
(ISO- 8859-1)
action  Sets or returns the value of the action attribute in a
form
enctype  Sets or returns the value of the enctype attribute in
a form
length Returns the number of elements in a form
method Sets or returns the value of the method attribute in a
form (get or post)
name Sets or returns the value of the name attribute in a
5 1form

targetSets or returns the value of the target attribute in a


Form Object Methods
1. reset()Resets a form
Eg : document.getElementById("form1").reset();
1. submit()Submits a form
Form Object Events
1. onresetThe reset button is clicked
2. onsubmitThe submit button is clicked

<form onreset="alert('The form will be reset')">


Firstname: <input type="text" name="fname" value="Marees"
><br > Lastname: <input type="text" name="lname" value="V"
><br ><br>
<input type="reset" value="Reset" >
</form>
52
The elements collection returns an array of all the elements in
a form <body>
<html>
<form id="form1" action="">
First name: <input type="text" name="fname"
value="Mareeswari">
<br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" value="V"><br>
<input type="button" value="Submit" name="submitbutton">
/form>
<script type="text/javascript">
var
x=document.getElementById("form1");
for (var i=0;i<x.length;i++)
{5 3
document.write(x.elements[i].name+":"+x
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript">
{function greeting()
alert("Welcome " + document.forms["form1"]["fname"].value +
"!");
}
</script> </head> <body>
What is your name?<br>
<form name="form1"
action="image.html"
onsubmit="greeting()">
<input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form> </body> </html>
54
Display in same page
<html> <head><script
type="text/javascript"> function val() {
document.getElementById('t1').innerHTML=document.getElementByI
d('fnam e').value;
document.getElementById('t2').innerHTML=document.getElementByI
d('lnam e').value;
} </script></head><body><form id="form1">
First name: <input type="text" id="fname"/>
<label id='t1'>Enter Name</label><br>
Last name: <input type="text"
id="lname"/>
<label id='t2'>Enter Last
Name</label><br>
<input type="button" value="Submit"
onclick="val();"/> </form>
55
</body> </html>
56
Form – reset () method
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript">
function formReset()
{ document.getElementByI
d("frm1").reset();

}
</script> </head> <body>
<p>Enter some text in the fields below, then press the "Reset
form" button to reset the form.</p>
<form id="frm1">
First
57
name: <input type="text" name="fname" ><br >
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" ><br ><br >
E-mail
 The function below checks if the content has the general syntax of an
email.
Validation
 This means that the input data must contain an @ sign and at least one
dot (.). Also, the @ must not be the first character of the email
address, and the last dot must be present after the @ sign, and
minimum 2 characters before the end:
function validateForm(){
var x=document.forms["myForm"]
["email"].value; var atpos=x.indexOf("@");
var dotpos=x.lastIndexOf(".");
if (atpos<1 || dotpos<atpos+2 ||
dotpos+2>=x.length)
{ alert("Not a valid e-mail address");
return false; }}
 The function above could be called when a
form is submitted:
58
<form name="myForm" action="login.html"
onsubmit="return validateForm();" method="post">
59
60
Regular Expression
A regular expression is a sequence of characters that forms a
search pattern.
When you search for data in a text, you can use this search
pattern to describe what you are searching for.
A regular expression can be a single character, or a more
complicated pattern.
Regular expressions can be used to perform all types of text
search
and text replace operations.
/pattern/modifiers;  Syntax
var patt = /w3schools/i  Example
var str = "Visit W3Schools";
var n = str.search(/w3schools/i);  6
61
Regular Expression Modifiers

Modifiers can be used to perform case-insensitive more


global searches:
Modifier Description

i Perform case-insensitive matching

g Perform a global match (find all matches rather


than
stopping after the first match)

m Perform multiline matching

62
Regular Expression Patterns
Brackets are used to find a range of
characters:
Expressio Description
n Find any of the characters between the brackets
[abc Find any of the digits between the
] brackets Find any of the alternatives
[0- separated with |
{X,Y
9] Matches any string that contains a sequence of X
}
(x| toY n's (min,max)
y)

63
Metacharacters are characters with a special
meaning:

64
Write a regular expression that matches a full US Zip code,
which takes the form #####-####, and must appear by itself.
/^\d\d\d\d\d-\d\d\d\d$/ /^\d{5}-\d{4}$/
65
Quantifiers control the number of times a sub-pattern
appears in a regular expression.

66
Using the RegExp Object
In JavaScript, the RegExp object is a regular expression object
with predefined properties and methods.
Using test()
The test() method is a RegExp expression method.
It searches a string for a pattern, and returns true or false,
depending on the result.
The following example searches a string for the character "e":
var patt = /e/;
patt.test("The best things in life are free!"); 
true
/e/.test("The best things in life are free!") 
true
67
<html><head><script
type="text/javascript"> function validation()
{
var v=document.forms["form1"]["t1"].value;
var pattern=/^\d{1,2}\/\w{3}\/(\d{2}|\d{4}) 1/jan/15
alert(pattern.test(v)
$/;
);
} </script></head><body> 12/jan/2015
<form name="form1"
onsubmit="validation()"> Enter the value
<input type="text" name="t1">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form> </body> </html>

68
You can write like to test pattern when type the text in text box
<input type="text" pattern=^\d{1,2}\/\w{3}\/(\d{2}|\d{4})$>

69
Image Object
 For each <img> tag in an HTML document, an Image object is created.
Properties:
 align  Sets or returns the value of the align attribute of an image
 alt  Sets or returns the value of the alt attribute of an image
 border  Sets or returns the value of the border attribute of an image
 complete Returns whether or not the browser is finished loading an
image
 height Sets or returns the value of the height attribute of an image
 hspace Sets or returns the value of the hspace (left, right) attribute of an
image
 longDesc Sets or returns the value of the longdesc attribute of an image
 lowsrc Sets or returns a URL to a low-resolution version of an image
 nameSets or returns the name of an image
 src Sets or returns the value of the src attribute of an image
 useMap Sets or returns the value of the usemap attribute of an image
 vspaceSets or returns the value of the vspace (top, bottom) attribute of an
70
image
 width Sets or returns the value of the width attribute of an image
Image Object- Event
onabort  Loading of an image is interrupted
onerror  An error occurs when loading an
image
onload An image is finished loading

71
Image - useMap Property
The useMap property sets or returns the value of the usemap
attribute of an image.
The usemap attribute specifies an image as a client-side image-
map (an image-map is an image with clickable areas).
The usemap attribute is associated with a map element's
name attribute, and creates a relationship between the image
and the map.

72
Example (image.html)
<html> <body>
<img id="planets" src="planets.gif" width="145"
height="126" useMap="#planetmap">
<map name="planetmap">
<area id="venus" shape="circle" coords="124,58,8" alt="The planet
Venus" href="venus.html">
<area id="earth" shape="square" coords="0,0,100,100" alt="The
planet Earth" href="earth.html">
</map>
<p>The value of the usemap attribute is:
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write(document.getElementById("planets").use
Map);
</script>
73
</p> </body> </html>
Output

74
Example (earth.html)
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript">
function setSpace()
{
document.getElementById("compman").hspace="
50";
document.getElementById("compman").vspace="
50";
}
</script> </head> <body>
<img id="compman" src="compman.gif" alt="Computerman"
width=107 height=98>
<p>Some
75 text. Some text. Some text. Some text.</p>
<input type="button" onclick="setSpace()" value="Set hspace and
Output

onLoad onClick

76
Image Object - Complete
<html> <head>
<script
type="text/javascript">
function alertComplete()
{
alert("Image loaded: " +
document.getElementById("compman").complete); //true or
false
}
</script> </head>
<body onload="alertComplete()">
<img id="compman" src="compman.gif"
alt="Computerman" />
7 </body>
7 </html>
Frame Object
The Frame object represents an HTML frame.
The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame)
within a frameset.
For each <frame> tag in an HTML document, a Frame
object is created.

Frame Object Events:


onload  Script to be run immediately after a frame is
loaded

78
Frame Properties
 contentDocumentReturns the document object generated by a
frame
 contentWindowReturns the window object generated by a frame
 frameBorderSets or returns the value of the
frameborderattribute in a frame.
 longDescSets or returns the value of the longdescattribute in a
frame
 marginHeightSets or returns the value of the
marginheightattribute in a frame
 marginWidthSets or returns the value of the
marginwidthattribute in a frame
 nameSets or returns the value of the name attribute in a frame
 noResizeSets or returns the value of the noresizeattribute in a
frame
7 scrollingSets
9 or returns the value of the scrolling attribute in a
frame
frameset.html
<html>
<frameset cols="50%,50%">
<frame id="leftFrame"
src="LeftFrameCode.html">
<frame id="rightFrame"
src="RightFrameCode.html">
</frameset>
</html>

80
LeftFrameCode.html
<html><head><script
type="text/javascript"> function
disableResize()
{
parent.document.getElementById("rightFr
ame").noResize=true;
}
function enableResize()
{
parent.document.getElementById("rightFr
ame").noResize=false;
}
</script></head><body>
<input type="button"
onclick="disableResize()"
81 value="No
resize“ >
RightFrameCode.html
<html>
<body>
The Frame object represents an HTML frame.
The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame)
within a frameset.
For each <frame> tag in an HTML document, a Frame
object is created.
</body>
</html>

82
Output

83
JavaScript Timing Events
 With JavaScript, it is possible to execute some code after a
specified time- interval.This is called timing events.
The setTimeout() Method - executes a code some time in the future
var t=setTimeout("javascript
statement",milliseconds);
 The setTimeout() method returns a value. In the syntax defined
above, the value is stored in a variable called t. If you want to
cancel the setTimeout() function, you can refer to it using the
variable name.
 The first parameter of setTimeout() can be a string of executable
code, or a call to a function.The second parameter indicates how
many milliseconds from now you want to execute the first
parameter.
 Note: There are 1000 milliseconds in one second.
The clearTimeout() Method - cancels the setTimeout()
84
clearTimeout(setTimeout_variable)
<html> <head> <script
type="text/javascript"> function Redirect()
{
//window.location="http://www.vit.ac.in";
document.location.href="http://www.vit.ac.in
";
}
document.write("You will be redirected to main page in 10
sec."); setTimeout("Redirect()", 10000);
</script> </head> </html>

85
Navigator Object
 However, there are some things that just don't work on certain
browsers - especially on older browsers.
 Sometimes it can be useful to detect the visitor's browser, and then
serve the appropriate information.
 The Navigator object contains information about the visitor's browser
name, version, and more.
Properties:
 appVersion This property is a string that contains the version of the
browser as well as other useful information such as its language and
compatibility.
 platform This property is a string that contains the platform for
which the browser was compiled."Win32" for 32-bit Windows
operating systems
86
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<br> Browser Name : " + navigator.appName);
document.write("<br> Browser version : " +
navigator.appVersion); document.write("<br> JavaScipt
Enabled :"+navigator.javaEnabled()); document.write("<br>
Cookies Enabled: " + navigator.cookieEnabled)
document.write("<br> Platform :"+ navigator.platform);
</script> </head>
</html>

87
88
Creating Your Own Objects
1. Create a direct instance of an object
personObj=new Object();
personObj.firstname="John
";
personObj.lastname="Doe
"; personObj.age=50;
personObj.eyecolor="blue"
;
Alternative syntax (using object literals):
personObj={firstname:"John",lastname:"Doe",age:50,eyecolor:"bl
ue"}; Adding a method to the personObj is also simple.
The following code adds a method called eat() to the
8 personObj:
9 personObj.eat=eat;
2. Create an object constructor
Create a function that construct objects:
function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor)
{
this.firstname=firstnam
e;
this.lastname=lastname
;
this.age=age; //"this" is: the instance of the object at
hand. this.eyecolor=eyecolor;
this.newlastname=newlastname; //method
}
Once you have the object constructor, you can create new
instances of the object, like this:
var myFather=new person("John","Doe",50,"blue");
9 0var myMother=new

person("Sally","Rally",48,"green");
<html><body><script type="text/javascript">
function mycircle(x,y,r) //Constructor
{
this.xcoord = // Adding
x; this.ycoord Properties
= y;
this.radius ==r;retArea; // Adding Methods
this.retArea
}
function retArea() { // Method
Definition
return ( Math.PI * this.radius *
this.radius );
} // Object Creation
var testcircle
alert( 'The area= new
of themycircle(3,4,5);
circle is ' + testcircle.retArea() ); // Method
Call
</script></body></html>
91

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