Segregation and Recycling

Keep our Earth beautiful!

Arlene P de la Cruz
UPNISMED
 Objectives
Students should be able to
• describe ways to conserve and protect
resources by segregation and reusing,
reducing and recycling.
• discuss what are resources
• classify the kinds of waste in the home
and in the school according to their
properties
• Have you ever wondered what
happens to all the trash in the
world?
• Show the documentary on pacific garbage
What do these words mean to
you?
Waste Rubbish Litter
Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or
unusable materials. Waste is any substance
which is discarded after primary use, or is
worthless, defective and of no use.

Rubbish is everything that you throw

away or no longer have a use for. 

Litter is waste in the wrong place

 Garbage and trash

• What is trash and who makes it?

• What happens to garbage around us?
Trash - consists of unwanted things or waste
material such as used paper, empty
containers and bottles, and waste food
Garbage - All refuse other than industrial-
waste and effluents. It consists largely of
easily decomposable and putrefying organic
(animal and vegetable) waste from
preparation, handling, storage, and sale or
serving of food.
 Litter

• What is litter?
• What's wrong with litter?
• What does litter do to our environment?
 Environment
-the environment is, variously, the 'backdrop'
to the unfolding narrative of human history,
the habitats and resources that humans
exploit, the 'hinterland' that surrounds
human settlements, or the 'wilderness' that
humans have not yet domesticated or
dominated.
 Litter
• That is, rather than being placed in a bin or other waste container,
waste is left on the pavement, school field or in the park. Litter is
untidy and unsightly and can affect people’s view on the value and
safety of an area. Litter can consist of anything from a tiny sweet
wrapper, or an empty sandwich box, to a discarded mattress in a
public park.
• The majority of litter comes from people dropping it intentionally or
unintentionally, although some litter comes from other sources, for
example windblown or natural litter.
• Litter includes synthetic materials, such as those associated with
smoking, eating and drinking, and also materials that will eventually
decay, such as food waste and dog fouling.
 Activity 1 - What constitutes
waste?
• Objectives:  
• At the end of this activity, the student
should be able to
• Identify the waste found in the home and
in the school
• Classify the kinds of waste in the home
and in the school according to their
properties
•  
• Materials:

• Bond paper
• Manila paper
• Pentel pens
• rulers
 Do activity 1: What
constitutes waste?
Procedure:
1.Think of what you throw away at home and in the school.
a. What makes up waste in your home? Write your answers on a manila paper.
b. What makes up the wastes in your school? Write your answers on a manila paper.
2.Classify household waste and school waste.
c. What are the different kinds of waste? Draw a diagram of the different kinds of
waste. Make the diagram in a manila paper.
d. What can you say about the different kinds of household waste? School waste?
Write it in a manila paper for class presentation.

Kind of waste School waste Household waste

 Kinds of waste
Liquid waste
• Liquid waste is commonly found both in
households as well as in industries. This
waste includes dirty water, organic liquids,
wash water, waste detergents and even
rainwater.
 Solid rubbish
Solid rubbish can include a variety of items found in your
household along with commercial and industrial locations.
Solid rubbish is commonly broken down into the following
types:
• Plastic waste – This consists of bags, containers, jars,
bottles and many other products that can be found in
your household. Plastic is not biodegradable, but many
types of plastic can be recycled. Plastic should not be
mix in with your regular waste, it should be sorted and
placed in your recycling bin.
• Paper/card waste – This includes packaging materials,
newspapers, cardboards and other products. Paper can
easily be recycled and reused so make sure to place
them in your recycling bin.
• Tins and metals – This can be found in various forms
throughout your home. Most metals can be recycled.
Consider taking these items to a scrap yard. Ceramics
and glass
• These items can easily be recycled. Look for special
glass recycling bins and bottle banks to dispose them
correctly.
 Organic waste
• Organic waste is another common
household. All food waste, garden waste,
manure and rotten meat are classified as
organic waste. Over time, organic waste is
turned into manure by microorganisms.
However, this does not mean that you can
dispose them anywhere.
• Organic waste in landfills causes the
production of methane, so it must never be
simply discarded with general waste.
Instead, look to get a green bin, or hire a
green skin bin or garden bag for proper
waste disposal.
 Hazardous waste
• Hazardous waste includes all types of
rubbish that are flammable, toxic,
corrosive and reactive.
• These items can harm you as well as the
environment and must be disposed of
correctly.
 E-waste
• This type of waste has become far more of
an issue in recent years with the surge in
technology, such as smartphones, laptops,
and tablets.
• Everyone has at least one of these; most
people have more.
• This is related to regular recyclables in
that most of these products are composed
of plastics, metals, and glass.
 Check out the following figures on the length
of time it takes for litter to disappear naturally

• Paper: 6 months
• Cigarette butts: 2-5 years
• Banana peel: 3 months
• Plastic bags: 10-30 years
• Gum: 20-25 years
• Aluminum can: 200-400 years
 Activity 2 - How do you deal
with waste?
Objectives:  
At the end of this activity, the student should
be able to
Identify the ways to  dispose household
waste and school waste
Propose other ways to dispose waste in
the community
• Materials

• Manila paper
• Pentel pens
• Rulers
 Activity 2 - How do you deal with waste?

•  Think of how waste is disposed of in your

home? In the school?
•  What is done with each kind of waste? Write
your answers in a manila paper.
•  Reflect on your answers in a.
•  Are these practices in line with those
recommended by your barangay or the
Environmental Management Bureau or
groups safeguarding the environment?
• What can you say about the basura patrol
program of environmental management bureau
(The “Basura Patrol” Team aims to strictly
implement and enforce the stated provision by
patrolling public places such as the major
thoroughfares, roads, sidewalks, canals, parks,
and esteros and see if cleanliness is in place
among the Local Government Units (LGUs)
jurisdictions in Region I).?
•  Can these practices of waste disposal still
be improved?
• What other ways can you suggest to
improve our disposal of waste materials in
the home and in the school? Write your
answers in a manila paper.
•  Think about what you have learned in this
activity.What can you say about waste
disposal?
 Solid waste
• What is waste segregation?

• Waste segregation refers to the separation of wet waste and dry waste,
the purpose is to recycle dry waste easily and to use wet waste as
compost. Segregation is the separation of biodegradable waste from non
biodegradable waste for proper disposal and recycling. 

• Why should we segregate waste?

• When we segregate waste, there is reduction of waste that gets

landfilled and occupies space, air and water pollution rates are
considerably lowered. Segregating waste also makes it easier to apply
different processes - composting, recycling and incineration can be
applied to different kinds of waste.
 Key Differences between Biodegradable and
Non biodegradable Substances
• Biodegradable is referred to all On the other hand non-
those things that can be easily biodegradable substances are
decomposed by natural never broken down or
agents. Natural agents include decomposed by environmental
water, oxygen, ultraviolet rays factors.
of the sun, acid rains,
microorganisms, etc.
• Biodegradable substances
Non-biodegradable things consist
include food waste like of plastics, polystyrene, metals,
vegetable and fruit peels, dead plastic and aluminum cans, toxic
plants and animals, chicken, chemicals, paints, tyres, etc.
egg shells, paper materials,
garden waste etc.
 Key Differences between Biodegradable
and Non biodegradable Substances
• Biodegradable substances on • On the contrary, non-
breaking up are converted into biodegradable substances are
simple organic matter and are resistant to the environmental
thus assimilated in the soil and factors and never decompose
thus becomes a part of the and instead contribute to
carbon cycle of the majority of the solid waste.
atmosphere.
• Biodegradable substances • non-biodegradable items may
may decompose within few take thousands of years or
days or months while may never ever be broken
down and remain in their
original form as it is.
 How is waste treated and disposed off?

Incineration method of waste management:

• This simply means burning waste. This method is
common in countries with limited landfill space.
Incineration chambers can be small for domestic use,
but there are large ones for municipal use as well.
• It is great for treating waste with contamination (like
those from hospitals) and hazardous waste from
factories, but the method produces too much carbon
dioxide. Modern incineration processes are more
efficient and release less dioxin than home fireplaces
and backyard barbecues.
 Sanitary landfills
• Generally, this term means a large piece of land away from living
places where all the waste from a town is deposited. But there is more
to landfills. Proper landfill management involves sorting out all the
waste (waste separation), and sending only the waste that cannot be
recycled and composted to the site.

• Proper landfills, are also lined at the bottom to minimize the leakage
of soil pollutants and other toxins from getting into the water table.
This method is effective, but expensive and difficult.
• In many towns, sorting is not done, and all the waste (paper, food,
diapers, glass) is mixed up and deposited. That is a problem because,
glass, and plastics take thousands of years to decompose.
Additionally, the landfills soon become full, smelly and unsafe for the
environment.
 Have you ever heard the term the
"3Rs"?
• What are the 3Rs?
• Why do we use the 3Rs?
• What is Reducing?
• What is Reusing?
• What is Recycling?
• What can be Recycled?
• What is the Recycling Loop?
 Why should we use the 3Rs?
• It's not like we need to worry about what
happens to our trash after we put it in the
trashcan, right? Wrong!
• Think about how much you toss out each
day. If you multiply that by the 6.7 billion
people on our planet... That's a lot of trash!
• Our landfills can only hold so much
garbage. If we keep producing so much
waste, we'll run out of room.
• Using the 3Rs will help us cut back the
amount of trash we throw away.
 Activity 3 – Watch out for
your waste!
Objectives:
At the end of this activity, the students
should be able to
• Know the need for waste management.
• Explain the meaning of the terms
REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE.
• Differentiate between the terms REDUCE,
REUSE and RECYCLE.
 Materials

• white board • Trash bin filled with trash.

• white board marker For example:
• manila paper - scrap paper
- tin cans
• pentel pens
- toilet paper rolls
• colored pens - empty kleenex boxes
• art papers - empty milk cartons
- empty pop bottles
- tinfoil
- newspaper
Prepare ahead
• Fill trash bin to overflowing with trash items and
place it on the teacher’s table.
Procedure
• Divide the children into groups of 5 students.
• Each group takes a few items out of the garbage
can and move to their own area.
• Write down some points on how they can use
the 3 R's on the items they have chosen.
 Procedure
• Write down their ideas on which of the 3 R's they're
using. 
• Write them down on a manila paper. Present to the
class.
• Place a tin can (or a few of them) on the teacher’s table.
• Ask the children to come up with an idea for
RECYCLING the tin can.
• On the manila paper each group writes the directions for
recycling the can. They can add diagrams/artwork if they
like. 

 
 Reduce
Reducing is cutting back on the amount of trash
we make.
Reducing is simply creating less waste. It's also
the best method for keeping our earth clean.
Why? Because it stops the problem at the source.
By making less waste in the first place, there's less
mess to clean up.
 Here are a few ways you can help reduce the
amount of waste you make:
• Pack your lunch in a lunchbox instead of a disposable
bag. Although it might be easier to throw away a paper or
plastic bag than to carry around a lunchbox, disposable
bags create much more trash. If all children do that, think
of how many less bags there would be in landfills!

• Also, pack your lunch items in reusable containers

instead of disposable ones. Instead of putting your
peanut butter and jelly sandwich in a plastic bag, try
using some Tupperware/lock and lock that you can use
again and again.
• Ask your parents to bring their own bags when shopping. Many grocery
stores now sell canvas bags that can be brought and reused over and over
when shopping. Think about all the plastic or paper grocery bags that could
be saved if everyone reused the same canvas bags to carry their groceries
in!

• Turn off lights when you're not using them. Even though you might not be
able to see the waste made from leaving on the lights, it wastes electricity
and energy. Cutting back on the amount of electricity you use will not only
help the environment, but it will save your parents money too.

• Make sure your faucets aren't dripping. After you wash your hands, brush
your teeth, or get out of the bath, make sure there's no water dripping from
your faucets. Fresh water is a very precious resource, and dripping faucets
waste water.
 Ways to Reduce
• Use the front and back of your paper
• Share paper with a friend
• Use antibacterial gel instead of water and
paper towels
• Take short showers
• Use fewer items with wrappers
• Walk
 Reuse
• Reusing is taking old items that you might consider throwing away and
finding a new use for them. Reusing helps in situations where it isn't
possible to reduce.

• Here are ways you can reuse items to prevent trash from being
created:

• Donate clothes that no longer fit you. Instead of throwing away clothes
that don't fit, or that you don't like anymore, give them to someone who
will want them. Your friends may have younger brothers or sisters who
would be able to fit things you've outgrown, or maybe your parents
have friends with children who could use them. Even if you don't know
anyone who needs your old clothes, you could donate them to a
charitable institution so that your clothes will find a home.
• You can also donate toys you no longer want. Just like with
clothes, unwanted toys can be donated to charities or friends who
could use them.

• Use plastic groceries bags as trash bags. If your parents often

bring home bags from the grocery store, you can ask them to save
them instead of throwing them away. Grocery bags can be used as
trash bags for small trashcans instead of being thrown away.

• Have your parents use worn clothing as cleaning rags. For old
clothes that may be too ripped or worn to give away, ask your
parents to use those to clean up the house instead of buying
cleaning rags. Old t-shirts work well for dusting.
 Reuse
• To reuse means to put into action or
service again.
• Instead of throwing some trash away,
people can find new ways to reuse it.
• Many items are reusable.
• When you reuse it saves
• Energy, time and fuel.
 WAYS TO REUSE
• Use a clean pizza box as an easel.
• Make bird feeders out of milk jugs.
• Compost your lawn clippings and
vegetable peels.
• Pass on clothes you outgrow to siblings
and friends.
 Activity 4 - Waste and
Recycling
Objectives
At the end of this activity, the students
should be able to
• identify a range of common materials and recognise that
the same material is used to make different objects.
• collect raw materials that can damage the environment.
• re-use or recycle objects to reduce the amount of waste
we produce and reduce the demand for raw materials
 
Materials
• Any type of material made from paper, wood, metal,
plastic, dry leaves
7 Trash bins
Plastic hand gloves
Procedure
• Students go out of their classroom and collect trash
made from the different materials like: paper, wood,
metal, plastic, card board and rubber. Collect at least 5
materials.
• Wear plastic hand gloves to protect from dirt and sharp
pointed objects.
• Put all trashes collected in a plastic trash bin.
• Sort all objects collected according to the material they
are made of.
• Record their findings in a table form

paper wood metal plastic Card rubber

board
• Rearrange the objects you collected in
procedure 1 into the raw material they are
made of and record results in table 2.
• Reorder items collected into recyclable
and non-recyclable. Place your answer in
table 3.
Table 2

Table 3
recyclable nonrecyclable
Q1. What alternative uses can you think of for those
objects which cannot be recycled to help stop waste?
Q2. What other recyclable objects can you see in the
classroom and where they were recycled from?
Q3. Discuss to the class what is already being recycled at
school (include items that are re-used).
Q4. What do you think are the consequences to our
environment of collecting raw materials?
Q5. What will happen to our waste if we do not reuse or
recycle it?
•  
 Recycle
• Recycling is the most often advertised of the
3Rs, so it's likely you've heard of it before.
Recycling is changing old products into new
ones so they can be resold.
• For example, when you set out bottles and cans
to be recycled, they are taken to a plant where
they can be reprocessed into many new things.
They may be changed in to new bottles or cans,
or they could be changed into things like
bicycles or asphalt.
 Recyclable Rubbish
• Recyclable rubbish includes all waste items that can be
converted into products that can be used again. Solid items
such as paper, metals, furniture and organic waste can all be
recycled.

• Instead of throwing these items in with regular waste, which

then ends up in landfills, place them in your yellow recycling bin.

• If you’re unsure whether an item is recyclable or not, look at the

packaging or the diagrams on the lid of your yellow recycling
bin. Most products will explicitly state whether they are
recyclable or not.
• The most well-known recycled materials
are glass, paper, plastic, and aluminum.
Other recyclable materials include
batteries, biodegradable waste (like plants
and kitchen waste), concrete, electronics,
ferrous metals (like steel and iron), textiles
(materials like cotton), and timber.
 Recycling loop
• First, recycling starts when you or your parents drop
materials to be recycled, like bottles and cans, on a recycling
bin.
• Secondly, collectors come to pick up the materials and take
them to a processing plant where they are sorted and
processed into raw materials (or materials that can be used
to make new items.)
• Next, the materials from the plant are sold to manufacturers,
or people who make the things you buy. These
manufacturers make new items from them.
• Finally, you or your parents buy items made from recycled
materials, so the process can start all over again.
 Activity 5 - Short reading:
reduce, reuse, recycle
Objectives:  
 At the end of this activity the student should
be able to
• develop reading strategies by reading a
short article about the three Rs (reduce,
reuse and recycle)
• suggest ways on how to save the
environment with the use of 3Rs
• Material
•
• One Worksheet per student
•  
• Procedure
•  
• Each student should have a copy of the activity
sheet.
 The three Rs of the
environment
People everywhere in the world produce a
lot of rubbish but there is not enough space,
and landfills are filling up quickly. If we want
to save our planet, then the so-called three
Rs are essential for learning how to deal
with the waste we produce. The three Rs
are reduce, reuse, and recycle. Here are a
number of tips on what you can do to save
the environment.
 Reduce
A good place to start is by buying things that don’t
have a lot of packaging. Then there are items you
may not use very often, so you might as well
borrow them from someone instead of buying
them. Nowadays, newspapers can be read online
so buying them is not necessary. The same goes
for emails and hence it is usually not necessary to
print them out. Generally, the use of electricity can
be greatly reduced by turning off lights that are not
used.
 Reuse
When you go shopping, refuse plastic bags and
bring an eco bag with you instead. If you’re not
buying a lot, a bag is not necessary to begin with.
Reusable bags should be heavier and more
durable. If you prepare your lunch at home, put it
in a plastic lunch box. Always keep shoe boxes as
they are of help to keep our things. Used clothes
and shoes can be given to charitable institutions.
 Recycle
Recycling is a process that makes it possible to create new
products out of old ones. Paper, aluminum, glass and
plastic can often be recycled. Glass has been used for
thousands of years and is relatively easy to recycle.
Aluminum can be repeatedly recycled quickly and easily.
Paper is recyclable but it cannot be recycled forever.
The small fibers in paper eventually become very weak so
that they cannot be recycled into good paper anymore.
Also, not every type of paper is recyclable as some high-
quality paper is too expensive to recycle.
2. Read the article for 2 minutes. Then stop.
• What are the 3Rs of the environment?
3. Continue reading the article until you
finish. Answer the table below. Look at the
statements and write if true, false or not
given.
 Statements True, False Not given
1. In this short article, it suggests that
borrowing certain items is better than
buying them.
2. Shoe boxes are useful to store
things.
3. Used clothes can be donated.
4. It is not possible to recycle
aluminum over and over again.
5. Empty plastic bottles are relatively
easy to recycle.
Complete the sentences with
information from the article.
1. _________________________________ are almost to full capacity.
2. If possible, try to buy items with little or no
_____________________________.
3. Bring your own bag but make sure it is ________________and
______________.
4. It is a waste of paper if you print your______________________.
5. People can take used clothes and shoes to
______________________________ then redistributed to people in
need.
6. There is a limit to how many times paper can be recycled because it
is made of________________________.
7. Suggest ways on how to save our community with the use of the
3Rs. Write them on a manila paper and present to the class.
 • Recycling is a must
RECYCLE
Landfills are full of items
that could be recycled.

Recycling puts objects

through a process that
allows them to be used
again.

Recycling is a way to clean

and reuse materials.

Vocabulary—biodegradable,
garbage, conservation
 Ways to Recycle
• Recycling make sense and saves pesos-
save cans.
• Smart—takes less energy to make
products from recycled goods—save
paper.
• Save old tires, sneakers, newspapers,
glass, vegetable peels, etc.
 THINK!
• What are some products in your home
made from recycled materials?
• Takeout pizza boxes, shoe boxes, tickets,
toilet paper rolls, car doors, plastic chairs,
• Wood chips, bags, cereal boxes,
furniture, glass bottles etc.
 References
• http://www.doh-bin.com/Waste-segregation.html
• http://premierwaste.com.au/importance-of-waste-segregation/
• http://
www.chintanindia.org/documents/fact_sheets/chintan_waste_segre
gation_fact_sheet.pdf
• https://
www.jaagore.com/current-issues/5-simple-ways-to-practise-waste-s
egregation
• https://
www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-waste-di
sposal-methods.php
• https://
science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/landfill2.ht
m
• https://www.epa.gov/recycle
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/reduce-reuse-recycle.php
Thank you very much!