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Introduction To Information and Communication Technology: Lecture 8: Operating Systems

The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their functions, characteristics, and types. It discusses how operating systems manage hardware and software resources, provide common services to programs, and allow for multi-user and multi-tasking capabilities. Various operating systems are described for personal computers, networks, and embedded devices.

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usman sheikh
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68 views

Introduction To Information and Communication Technology: Lecture 8: Operating Systems

The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their functions, characteristics, and types. It discusses how operating systems manage hardware and software resources, provide common services to programs, and allow for multi-user and multi-tasking capabilities. Various operating systems are described for personal computers, networks, and embedded devices.

Uploaded by

usman sheikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Information and

Communication Technology

Lecture 8: Operating Systems


Operating System
▷An operating system (OS) is software that
manages computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services for
computer programs.
▷Various characteristics of OS are described as

2
Functions of Operating
Systems
• Provide a user interface
• Run programs
• Manage hardware devices
• Organized file storage
Characteristics of Operating
systems
▷Multi-user
Allows two or more users to run programs
at the same time. Some operating systems
permit hundreds or even thousands of
concurrent users
▷Multi-tasking
Allows a user to perform more than one
computer task at a time

4
Multi-user / Multi tasking

5
Characteristics of Operating
systems
▷Multiprocessing
Use of two or more central processing
units (CPUs) within a single computer
system for running a program or application

6
Characteristics of Operating
systems
▷Multithreading
The ability of an operating
system to execute different parts of a
program, called threads, simultaneously
Characteristics of Operating
systems
▷Real time
A system is said to be Real Time if it is
required to complete it’s work & deliver
it’s services on time or instantly
○Example – Flight Control System
○All tasks in that system must execute
on time.

8
Characteristics of Operating
systems
▷Hard Real Time System
○Failure to meet deadlines is fatal
○example : Flight Control System
▷○
Soft Real Time System
Late completion of jobs is undesirable but not
○fatal
System performance degrades as more & more
jobs miss deadlines
○Online
Databases

9
Types of Operating Systems
1. Real-time operating system
• Very fast small OS
• Built into a device
• Respond quickly to user input
• Exampes : MP3 players, Medical
devices
Types of Operating Systems
Single user/Single tasking OS
• One user works on the system
• Performs one task at a time
• Take up little space on disk
• Run on inexpensive computers
• Examples:

MS-DOS and Palm OS


Types of Operating Systems
Single user/Multitasking OS
• User performs many tasks at once
• Most common form of OS
• Require expensive computers
• Tend to be complex
• Examples:
Windows XP and OS X
Types of Operating Systems
Multi user/Multitasking OS
• Many users connect to one
computer
• Each user has a unique session
• Maintenance can be easy
• Requires a powerful computer
• Examples:

UNIX, Linux
Multi user/Multi tasking OS
Providing a User Interface
User interface
• How a user interacts with a computer
• Require different skill sets

• Uses a mouse to control objects


• Uses a desktop metaphor
• Shortcuts open programs or documents
• Open documents have additional objects
• Task switching
• Dialog boxes allow directed input
Graphical User Interface
Command Line Interface

• Older interface
DOS, Linux, UNIX
• User types commands at a prompt
• User must remember all commands
Included in all GUIs
Command Line Interface
Managing Hardware

• Programs need to access


hardware
• Interrupts
CPU is stopped
Hardware device is accessed
• Device drivers control the
hardware
PC and Network Operating
Systems
Types of Operating System
based on Configuration
• PersonalOperating Systems
• Network Operating system
• Embeded Operating System
PC Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows is the most popular
• Installed more than other OS
• Installed on about 95% of computers
Apple and Linux represent the other
5%
• Single user/multi tasking
• 32bit and 64 bit OS
PC Operating Systems
DOS
• Disk Operating System
• Single user single-tasking OS
• Command line interface
• 16-bit OS
• Powerful
• Fast
• Supports legacy applications
DOS Application
PC Operating Systems

Windows NT
• Designed for a powerful system
• 32-bit OS
• Very stable
• Windows NT Workstation
• Single user multi tasking OS
• Windows NT Server
• Multi user multi tasking OS
• Network operating system
PC Operating Systems
Windows 9x
• 95, 98, and Millennium Edition (Me)
• 32-bit OS ,Supported 16-bit programs
well
• Very pretty not stable OS
• 95 introduced the Start button
• 98 introduced active desktop
• Me improved multimedia software
PC Operating Systems
Windows 2000
• Look of 9x with NT stability
• Optimized for office and
developers
• Application software ran very
well
• Entertainment software ran
very poorly
PC Operating Systems
Windows XP
• Microsoft’s later desktop product
• Different look from 2000
• Digital multimedia support was
enhanced
• Communications was enhanced
PC Operating Systems
Windows 07 &10
• Microsoft’s newest desktop product
• Different look from XP
• Digital multimedia support was
enhanced
• Communications was enhanced
• Mobile computing became a priority
PC Operating Systems
UNIX
• Runs on all computer types
• 32- or 64-bit
• Very stable and fast
• Command-line interface
• Can cost thousands of dollars
PC Operating Systems
Linux
• Free or inexpensive version of
UNIX
• 32-bit or 64-bit OS
• Very stable and fast
• Most flavors are open source
• X Windows GUI
Command line interface is
available
Linux Desktop
PC Operating Systems

Macintosh operating systems


Based on FreeBSD Linux
Very stable and easy to configure
Only runs on Mac hardware

* BSD-Berkeley Software Foundation)


OS X Desktop
Network Operating
System(NOS) Features
• Network operating system
• Fast and stable
• Runs on servers
• Multi-user and multitasking OS
• 32- or 64-bit
NOS Features

• Resource Sharing-File and print sharing


• Data integrity- Backups copies data onto
tape
• Data security- Access to data can be
restricted
Networking Operating
Systems-Examples
• Windows 2000 Server
• Windows 2003 Server
• Windows NT Servers
• UNIX for servers
• Windows 2008 Server
• Windows 2012 Server
• Windows 2016 Server
• Windows Server 2019 is the latest
Embedded Operating
Systems (EOS)

Devices have EOS built in


• Cell phones, PDAs, medical equipment
• Stable and fasts
Embedded Operating
Systems
Examples:

• Windows CE installed in
PDA(Personal Data Assistanst)
• Palm OS
• Symbian, Andriod, IOS(Iphone
OS)

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