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Chapter 4

This document discusses the analysis of simple structures like trusses and frames. It introduces trusses as structures composed of slender members joined at their endpoints. Simple trusses are statically determinate structures formed by pin connecting three or more members at a joint. Two common methods for analyzing trusses are presented: the method of joints, which requires each joint to be in equilibrium, and the method of sections, which requires equilibrium of truss segments. Several examples demonstrate applying these methods to determine member forces in simple trusses and frames. Frames differ from trusses in that some members experience multiple forces and are therefore treated as multi-force systems during analysis.

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148 views29 pages

Chapter 4

This document discusses the analysis of simple structures like trusses and frames. It introduces trusses as structures composed of slender members joined at their endpoints. Simple trusses are statically determinate structures formed by pin connecting three or more members at a joint. Two common methods for analyzing trusses are presented: the method of joints, which requires each joint to be in equilibrium, and the method of sections, which requires equilibrium of truss segments. Several examples demonstrate applying these methods to determine member forces in simple trusses and frames. Frames differ from trusses in that some members experience multiple forces and are therefore treated as multi-force systems during analysis.

Uploaded by

yohannes lemi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE STRUCTURES


INTRODUCTION
• An engineering structure is any connected system
of members built to support or transfer forces and
to safely withstand the loads applied to it.

• In this chapter we are going to apply equilibrium


as a major tool in order to analyse simple
structures namely trusses, frames and
machines.
Plane Trusses
• A truss is a structure composed of slender
members joined together at their end points.

• Trusses are often used to support roofs and


bridges.
Analysis of a Truss
• Members of trusses are treated as a two force
members. Accordingly we have two major
assumptions in the analysis of a truss
1. All loads are applied at the joints only
2. Members are connected together by
smooth pins
Simple truss
• If three members are pin connected at their ends,
they form a triangular truss. Adding two
additional members and a joint forms a larger
truss.
• Trusses formed this way are called simple trusses.
Continued...
• Simple trusses are statically determinate.
• If additional members are present than that are
necessary to prevent collapse the truss is statically
indeterminate.
Methods of Analysis
• There are two methods to analyse trusses.
1. Method of joints
2. Method of section
Methods of joints
• If the whole truss is in equilibrium, then each joint
in the truss must also be in equilibrium.
Example 1
Determine the forces in each member of the truss
shown below. Indicate whether the members are in
tension or compression
Zero force members
• If only two members form a truss joint and no external force is
applied to the joint then the two members are zero force
members.
Continued…
• If three members form a truss joint for which two of the members
are collinear the third member is a zero force member provided no
external force or support reaction is applied to the joint.
Example 2
Compute the force in each member of the loaded Cantilever
truss by the method of joints.
Example 3

Find the forces in members EF, KL, and GL for the


truss shown.
Solution
- Identify zero force members
Method of section
• If the whole truss is in equilibrium, then segment of the truss must also
be in equilibrium.

• The method gives a relatively direct approach to find internal force in a


desired member.
Example 1
Determine the force in members GE, GC, and BC of the truss
shown below. Indicate whether the members are in tension or
compression.
Example 2
FRAMES AND MACHINES
Frames are structures in which at least one of the
members forming it is a multi-force system.

A multi-force member is a member in which three or


more forces (couple) is acting on it.

Machines are structures that have movable parts.


• In analysing frames and machines, the members
are dismantled and equilibrium condition for each
member is going to be done.
• In drawing the FBD of each member the following
should be taken in to consideration
 Two force members should be identified and
drawn accordingly.
 Action and reaction force at dismantled
locations should be maintained.
Example
Example
Example

Neglect the weight of the frame and compute the forces acting
on all of its member
Solution
Solution
Solution
Example
Solution

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