American Psychological Association (APA)

Style 7th Edition

● APA Guidelines
● In-Text Citations: The Basics
● In-Text Citations: The Authors
APA Guidelines
FORMAT
● Paper Size: 8.5” x 11”
● Margin: 1” on all sides
● Font style and Font size
Sans serif fonts: 11-point Calibri,
11-point Arial, 10-point Lucida
Sans Unicode
FORMAT
● Font style and Font size
Serif fonts: 12-point Times New
Roman, 11-point Georgia, 10-point
Computer Modern
● Spacing: Double-space
● Use one space after a period at the end
of a sentence.
STYLE
● Use clear, concise language; avoid
contractions and colloquialisms
● Numerals under 10 should be spelled out;
10 and above expressed as a number but
spelled out when found at the first part
of a sentence.
STYLE
● Past tense verbs should be used to refer
to events that occurred at a specific point
in the past ( such as a researcher’s work)
● Do not use “he” or “she” as a generic
pronoun; it is acceptable to use “they” or
rephrase the sentence
STYLE
● Avoid biased language that reveals sex,
gender, race, disability, socio-economic
status
Examples:
1. A man with epilepsy is better than an
epileptic man.
2. People living in poverty is better than the
poor.
3. Cisgender men is more specific than men.
● Page header/ running head
-top of every page
For professional paper: page title
and page number
For student paper: page number
only
● Page header/ running head
“TITLE OF THE PAPER” in all
capital letters must be flushed left
and must not exceeds to 50
characters including the spacing
and punctuation
● Page header/ running head
The page number flushed to the
right.
Major Paper Sections
● Title Page
● Abstract
● Body (Introduction; Literature
Review; Methods; Results;
Discussion
● References
Most student papers now do not need an
abstract.
Title Page
It contains the following:
● Title of the paper (3-4 lines)
-Type it in upper and lowercase
letters centered in the upper half
of the page. It must be centered
and written in boldface.
Title Page
It contains the following:
● Title of the paper
-It should not contain
abbreviations
● Author’s Name
Format: First Name, Middle
Initial, Last Name (No Titles)
Title Page
● Institutional Affiliation
● Author Note at the bottom half of the
title page(for professional paper)
-It is divided into four paragraphs.
1st paragraph: Author’s Name, the
symbol for ORCID ID, URL for the
ORCID ID
● Author Note at the bottom half of the
title page(for professional paper)
1st paragraph: omit if the author has no
ORCID ID, URL for the ORCID ID
2nd paragraph: change in affiliation
● Author Note at the bottom half of the
title page(for professional paper)
3rd paragraph: disclosures or
acknowledgements such as study
registration, open practices and data
sharing, disclosure of related reports and
conflicts of interest, acknowledgement of
financial support and other assistance
● Author Note at the bottom half of the
title page(for professional paper)
4th paragraph: contact information of
the author/s

For student paper: course number and

name, instructor’s name, assignment due
date
Abstract
Found on another page,center and bold
the word abstract. It already includes the
page header.
Do not indent when writing the abstract.
Keywords (italicize) must be on the new
paragraph. It is indented with a colon.
 The list of keywords be in lowercase
except for proper nouns and no period at
the end.
Body page 3 : (Start of the Introduction but
no need to write the word Introduction).
Figure and Table
References
References
HEADING
Level Format

1 Centered, Bold, Title Case Heading

Text begins as a new paragraph

2 Flush Left, Bold, Title Case Heading

Text begins as a new paragraph

3 Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading

Text begins as a new paragraph

4 Indented, Bold, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. Text

Begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.

5 Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading, Ending With a Period. Text
begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.
Level Sample

1 Method

2 Site of Study
Participant Population

3 Teachers
Students

1 Results

2 Spatial Ability

3 Test One

4 Teachers With Experience.

5 Graduate Teaching Assistants.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
BASICS
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: BASICS

● Author-date method is used in the in-text

citation.
● All sources that are cited in the text must
be all found in the reference list at the
end of the paper.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE BASICS
● Types of in-text citation
1. Narrative Citation
-the author’s surname appears in the
running text and the date appears in
parenthesis after the author’s name:
Ex: Condes (2019) said that research
results should be utilized.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE BASICS
● Types of in-text citation
1. Narrative Citation
-Another format for narrative citation is
that the date does not appear in the
parenthesis.
Ex: In 2019, Condes said that research
results should be utilized.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE BASICS
● Types of in-text citation
2. Parenthetical Citation
-The author’s name and the publication
date appear in parenthesis.
Ex: Research results should be utilized
(Condes, 2019).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
AUTHORS
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
1. One Author

Author Type/ Parenthetical Narrative Citation

Number Citation
One (Alonzo, 2020) Alonzo (2020)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
2. Two Authors
Author Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation
Type/
Number

Two (Pielago & De Chavez, Pielago and De

2017) Chavez (2020)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
3. Three authors and more
Author Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation
Type/
Number

Three and (Ilao et al., 2019) Ilao et al. (2019)

more
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
4. Group Author With Abbreviation
Author Type/ Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation
Number
Group author with First Citation Department of Education
abbreviation (Department of Education (DepEd, 2020)
[DepEd], 2020)

Subsequent Citation DepEd (2020)

(DepEd, 2020)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
5. Group Author Without Abbreviation

Author Type/ Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation

Number
Group author without (Stanford University, 2020) Stanford University
abbreviation (2020)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
6. Two or More Works by the Same Author in
the Same Year
Author Type/ Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation
Number
Two or more works by (Alonzo, 2019a) Alonzo (2019a)
the same author in the (Alonzo, 2019b) Alonzo (2019b)
same year
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
7. Citing More Than One Study at a Time

Parenthetical Citation
(Dietz et al., 2007; Seburn, 2020; Soto & John, 2017)

Narrative Citation
Dietz et al. (2007), Seburn (2020), and Soto and John
(2017) examined….
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
8. No Date

Parenthetical Citation
Ex: (Streefkerk, n.d.)

Narrative Citation
Ex: Streefkerk (n.d.) concluded…...
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
9. Unknown Author
Include the title and year of publication
Parenthetical Citation
Ex: (“Tech Seeds”, 2015, p.30)
Narrative Citation
Ex: In 2015, “Tech Seeds” reported…….(p.30)
Note: Italize- books and reports
Quotation Marks- articles, chapters, w
webpages
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
10. Direct Quotes
Fewer than 40 words
Include a page number or other locator, and
incorporate the quote into the paragraph.
Parenthetical: “A direct quotation reproduces words
verbatim from another work” (APA, 2020, p. 270).
Narrative: According to the APA (2020)“A direct
quotation reproduces words verbatim from another
work” (p. 270).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS: THE AUTHORS
11. Direct Quotes (more than 40 words)
Ex.
Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to

many people’s every day lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to
any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies
and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of
inner speech and its cognitive and neutral underpinnings. (Alderson-Day &
Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)
Key Changes in APA Style 7th Edition
● Et al: et al. is used in the first in-text citation for works with
three or more authors.
● Up to 20 authors cited: In the reference list, give the
surnames and initials for up to 20 authors.
● Website names: Websites are now included as well as the
web title.
● Publication location: The location of the publisher is no
longer required.
● Ebook Publisher:No need to give the platform, format, or
device for ebooks, but you do need
give the publisher.
Key Changes in APA Style 7th Ediion
● Retrieved from: No longer need to write retrieved from
before the URL.
● DOIs: DOIs are formatted like URLs, no need to write
“DOI”
● Spelling and capitalization of ethnic and racial terms:
Ethnic and racial groups are capitalised.
● Minor Change: Inclusive language, Formatting
assignments; The mechanics of style; Tables, figures, and
graphs; Heading levels
Research means that you don’t know, but
are willing to find out.
Charles Kettering

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God Bless Us All!!!!!