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Unit I: Classification of Membrane Processes

This document classifies membrane processes based on the driving force used for separation, including pressure-driven, concentration gradient-driven, and electrically potential-driven processes. It discusses key pressure-driven membrane processes like reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. The document also outlines aspects needed to specify the characteristics of a commercial membrane separation and notes that pore size distribution is important for pressure-driven processes.

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AMOL RASTOGI 19BCM0012
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84 views11 pages

Unit I: Classification of Membrane Processes

This document classifies membrane processes based on the driving force used for separation, including pressure-driven, concentration gradient-driven, and electrically potential-driven processes. It discusses key pressure-driven membrane processes like reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. The document also outlines aspects needed to specify the characteristics of a commercial membrane separation and notes that pore size distribution is important for pressure-driven processes.

Uploaded by

AMOL RASTOGI 19BCM0012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit I

Classification of Membrane
Processes
Membrane Processes
• Classification – Based on driving force used for membrane
separation.

• Pressure, Concentration, Electrical potential.

• Pressure driven membrane process – Technically and


commercially most relevant process.
- Reverse Osmosis (RO)
- Nanofiltration (NF)
- Ultrafiltration (UF)
- Microfiltration (MF)
- Pervaporation (PV)
- Membrane gas separation
Membrane Processes
• Concentration gradient driven membrane process.
- Dialysis
- Membrane Extraction

• Electrical potential driven membrane process.


- Electrodialysis (ED)

• Other membrane processes – Carrier facilitated process, liquid


membrane separation, membrane contactors, membrane reactors
and other hybrid process
Membrane Processes
• Aspects required to specify the principal characteristics of a
commercialized membrane separation (Kesting 1985).
- Separation goal

- Nature of species retained (size of the species)

- Nature of species transported through the membrane

- Minor or major species of feed transported through the


membrane

- Driving force

- Mechanism of transport

- Phase of feed and permeate streams


Membrane Processes
Membrane Processes
Membrane Processes
• Pressure driven processes – pore size and pore size distribution
plays an important role in transport phenomena
Membrane Processes
• Pressure driven processes – Range of particle sizes, molecular
weights and particle characteristics
Membrane Processes
• Particles along with their sizes for various pressure driven
membrane processes
Membrane Processes
• Selected Industrial application of membrane process
Membrane Processes
• Selected Industrial application of membrane process

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