Stress and Its Coping Strategies Among The Caregiver

1
STRESS AND ITS COPING STRATEGIES

AMONG THE CAREGIVER OF CANCER
PATIENTS ATTENDING B.P. KOIRALA
MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL,
BHARATPUR
Presented By:
Asmita Poudel
BPH 8th Semester
Overview of Presentation
2
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 References
Problem Statement
3
 Workers' hygiene is one of the most important risk

factors in transferring pathogens to foods. In developing
countries most of human infectious diseases are caused
by eating contaminated food.(1) When eating outside,
consumers expect to obtain quality food with an
acceptable food hygiene level, which reduces the risk for
food-borne illness. Also, the consumers often rely on
local authorities and inspection services to regulate and
inspect restaurants in order to assure that hygiene
requirements are met.(2)
4
 Both food producers and consumers need to have a

sound knowledge about food hygiene, safety and
issues related to nutrition. Without proper knowledge
on hygiene practices and nutritive value of food
served to the consumers, the problem related to
disease outbreaks may arise.(2, 3)
Contd…
5
Rationale of the Study
6
Food handlers should have excellent hygiene practice to

ensure cross contamination can be reduced, thus
protecting the consumers from foodborne diseases. To
ensure food handlers practice the correct way of
handling food, knowledge and training are essential as
part of their job.(4) Adolescent age group people visit
hotel most frequently. In order to improve the awareness
of management of the eating out of home places on one
side and consumers on the other side, food hygiene
rating system was introduced in several countries.(5)
Research Question
7
 What is the prevalence of stress and coping strategies

adopted by the caregiver of cancer patients attending
B.P. Koirala Memorial cancer Hospital?
Objectives
8
General objective:
To explore student's perceptions regarding food hygiene and nutritive
value of food available in restaurant.
Specific Objectives:
• To describe socio-demographic status of adolescent students
• To determine students’ perceptions of the cleanliness of the physical
environment of the restaurant
• To determine students’ perceptions of food handlers
• To explore students’ perceptions of the health effects of fast food
consumption
• To determine students perception of nutritional value of restaurant
food
Literature review
9
Search Strategy
Field Keywords Boolean Field Keywords Boolean Field Keyword Date/Time Hits
All field Cancer 06/14/2018 3700422
Title Cancer 06/15/2018 843313
All field Cancer And Title Caregiver 07/10/2018 466
Title Cancer And Title Caregiver 07/10/2018 259
Title Cancer And Title Caregiver 07/10/2018 6
Title Cancer And Title Caregiver And Title Stress 07/25/2018 6
All field Stress And Title Caregiver And Title Cancer 07/27/2018 10
10
PRISMA Flow Chart
11
Pub Med Database Google and Google Scholar

Identification
Article retrieved (n=52) Article retrieved (n=50)

Screening
Recorded after duplication removed (31)
Records screened (n=71) Records excluded due to

Eligibility
irrelevant abstract (n= 10)
Full text articles assessed for

eligibility (61) Article excluded with no
Inclusion
access to full text (15)
Total articles reviewed (n=46)

Conceptual Framework
12
Independent Variables Dependent Variable

Socio-demographic
variables
Stressor
Stress
Coping Strategies
Study Variables
13
Dependent Variable:
 Level of stress
Independent Variables:
14
 Socio-demographic variables
 • Age
 • Sex
 • Ethnicity
 • Religion
 • Marital status
 • Household income
 • Faculty
 • Place of residence
 Eating habits
 • Frequency of restaurant visit
 • Reason for going to restaurant
 • Common food preferences
 • Perceived health effects of restaurant food
 Perception on food hygiene and safety

 • Clean eating tables
 • Cleanliness of serving area
 • Cleanliness of eating area
 • Physical appearance of food
 • Freshness of food
 • Appearance of food handlers
 • Food storage perceptions
 • Hand washing facilities
B. Stressor C. Coping Strategies
Over burden Doing different activities

Change in relationship Alcohol and drug use
Change
15
in social life Emotional support
Conflict in previous daily commitment Deal
Trapped by responsibilities Taking action
Lack of confidence Taking help and advice
Concern for future care need Come up with strategy
Financial difficulties Looking for good
Attempt to Cope
Looking for good
Making joke
Thinking less
Accepting reality
Finding comfort
Expressing negative feeling
Learning to live it
Praying and meditation
Operational Definitions
16
Stress
Stress is the way of responding any kind of demand like burden, change
in relationship, change in social life, financial difficulties, trapped by
responsibilities and concern for future by the caregiver of cancer patient.
Caregiver
The person who provides care to the cancer patient during the treatment
without being paid for doing so is called caregiver.
Coping Strategies
To overcome stress different coping methods are used like doing
different activities, drug and alcohol use, deal, taking action, taking help,
looking for good, accepting reality, expressing negative feeling and
praying and meditation are called coping strategies.

Methodology
17
Study Design Cross-sectional study
Study Method Quantitative method
Study Area B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital,

Bharatpur
Study Population Caregiver of cancer inpatient
Study Period July to October 2018

Selection Criteria
18
Inclusive Criteria
 Immediate family members or the caregivers of the
patient who has been caring a patient since long time.

Exclusive Criteria
 Participants who will refuse to participate in the
interview.
Sample Size Calculation
19
The sample size was calculated as:

Sample size (n)= Z2pq/d2
Where Z=1.96 at confidence interval 95%
p=0.9 (India the prevalence of stress among the caregiver
of cancer patients is 90%)
q=0.1
d=0.05
Sample size(n)= (1.96)2*0.9*0.1/(0.05)2
= 138
Hence, the sample size will be 138.
Sampling Technique
20
 Simple random sampling will be used to select the

sample for this study.
Data Collection Technique and Tool
21
 Face to face interview as data collection technique.

 Standard questionnaire “Kingston care giver stress”
will be used for the assessment of level of stress
among caregivers.
 Brief cope, a standard tool for assessment of coping
strategies will be used.
Pretesting of tools
22
 Pretesting of the questionnaire in Nepali version will be

done among 10% of the estimated sample size i.e. 14 of
138 caregivers.
 The pretested data will be entered; analyzed and necessary

modification will be done as required by consulting with
supervisor.
Validity and Reliability
23
 Standard questionnaire for the assessment of stress level

and coping strategies will be used.
 The reliability of tools will be established by pretesting the
tools among 10% of the sample size.
 Modification will be made in the tools if required.
 Tools will be developed in English language and translated
into Nepali language.
 Data entry will be done in EPI DATA which help to avoid
errors.
Data Management and Analysis
24
 The data will be entered in EPI-DATA version 3.1.

Then, the data entered will be exported to IBM SPSS
version 20 statistics for further analysis.
 The data will be summarized in term of frequency
and mean or median as necessary.
 Chi square test will be perform to find association
between dependent and independent variables.
Ethical Considerations
25
 Ethical approval will be taken from Institution Review

Committee (IRC), Pokhara University.
 Permission will be taken from administration of B.P.
Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital.
 Written inform consent will be obtained from each
participants.
 Withdraw from the study any time or refuse to answer
any questions.
 Confidentiality and privacy of information will be
maintained.
References
26
1. World Health Organization. 10 facts about cancer 2018.

Available from:
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/cancer/en/.
2. World Health Organization - Cancer Country Profiles. Nepal.
2014.
3. Antony S, Sreemol VM, Sreejitha A, Imran S, Jacob V. Assess
the Stress and Coping Among the Caregivers of Patients with
Cancer in Selected Oncology Center Mangaluru. International
Journal of Healthcare Sciences.3(2):14-8.
4. Girgis A, Lambert S. Cost of informal caregiving in cancer care.
CANCER FORUM. 2017;14.
27
4. Hiremath P, Mohite VR, Naregal P, Chendake M, Mulani A,

More UR. Family buren and stress among caregiver of oral
cancer patients at Krishna Hospital Karda. Asian Jornal of
Pharmaceutical and Clinical research. 2017;10(3).
5. Duci V, Tahsini I. Perceived Social Support and Coping
styles as moderators for levels of anxiety, depression and
quality of life in cancer caregivers: a literature review.
European Scientific Journal. 2012.
28

Stress and Its Coping Strategies Among The Caregiver

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Stress and Its Coping Strategies Among The Caregiver

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Stress and Its Coping Strategies Among The Caregiver

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

STRESS AND ITS COPING STRATEGIES

 Workers' hygiene is one of the most important risk

 Both food producers and consumers need to have a

Food handlers should have excellent hygiene practice to

 What is the prevalence of stress and coping strategies

Title Cancer 06/15/2018 843313

All field Cancer And Title Caregiver 07/10/2018 466

Title Cancer And Title Caregiver 07/10/2018 259

Title Cancer And Title Caregiver 07/10/2018 6

Title Cancer And Title Caregiver And Title Stress 07/25/2018 6

Pub Med Database Google and Google Scholar

Article retrieved (n=52) Article retrieved (n=50)

Recorded after duplication removed (31)

Records screened (n=71) Records excluded due to

irrelevant abstract (n= 10)

Full text articles assessed for

access to full text (15)

Total articles reviewed (n=46)

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

 Perception on food hygiene and safety

Over burden Doing different activities

Study Design Cross-sectional study

Study Method Quantitative method

Study Area B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital,

Study Population Caregiver of cancer inpatient

Study Period July to October 2018

patient who has been caring a patient since long time.

The sample size was calculated as:

 Simple random sampling will be used to select the

 Face to face interview as data collection technique.

 Pretesting of the questionnaire in Nepali version will be

 The pretested data will be entered; analyzed and necessary

 Standard questionnaire for the assessment of stress level

 The data will be entered in EPI-DATA version 3.1.

 Ethical approval will be taken from Institution Review

1. World Health Organization. 10 facts about cancer 2018.

4. Hiremath P, Mohite VR, Naregal P, Chendake M, Mulani A,

You might also like