Principles of infrared alarm

 Infrared alarm system is divided into active and passive

 Active infrared intrusion alarm system is formed by the transmitter

and receiver,

 the transmitter is power, light source and optical system

components, the receiver is the optical system, photoelectric
sensors, amplifiers, signal processors and other components.

 Active infrared alarm system is a block-type infrared beam alarms,

transmitters in the infrared light-emitting diodes in the power of the
excitation, emits a modulated infrared beam (wavelength of this
beam is about 0.8 ~ 0.95 microns), After the role of the optical
system into a parallel light emission out.
 This beam is received by the receiver, the receiver of
infrared photoelectric sensor to light signals into signals
transmitted through the circuit after the alarm control
treatment. Emitted by the infrared transmitter area to
reach the receiver through the prevention, constitute a
warning line.
 Under normal circumstances, the receiver received a
stable optical signal, when someone invaded the warning
line, the infrared beam is blocked, the infrared receiver
receiving the signal changes, extraction of this change,
amplified, and appropriate treatment, controller issued the
alarm signal. Currently there are two beams of such alarm,
there are three multi-beam infrared beam fence so.
Generally applied to the perimeter against the majority, the
biggest advantage is to prevent range, can reach more
than ten times the passive infrared detection range.
RESISTORS
 A resistor is a two-terminal passive
electronic component which implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element.
 Resistors are common elements of electrical networks
and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in most
electronic equipment.
 Practical resistors can be made of various compounds
and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a
high-resistivity alloysuch as nickel-chrome).
 Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits,
particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated
into hybrid and printed circuits
CAPACITORS
 A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting
of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric
(insulator) and it is used to store energy.
 When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the
conductors, a static electric field develops in the
dielectric that stores energy and produces a mechanical
force between the conductors.
 An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant
value, capacitance, measured in farads.
 Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for
blocking direct current while allowing alternating current
to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of
power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios
to particular frequencies and for many other purposes.
IR SENSOR
 An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits
and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some
aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure
the heat of an object, as well as detect motion and they
are also known as passive infrared sensors.
 All objects emit some form of thermal radiation, usually in
the infrared spectrum. This radiation is invisible to our
eyes, but can be detected by an infrared sensor that
accepts and interprets it.
 In a typical infrared sensor like a motion detector,
radiation enters the front and reaches the sensor itself at
the center of the device.
 This part may be composed of more than one individual
sensor, each of them being made from pyroelectric
materials, whether natural or artificial. These are materials
that generate an electrical voltage when heated or cooled.
 These pyroelectric materials are integrated into a small
circuit board. They are wired in such a way so that when
the sensor detects an increase in the heat of a small part
of its field of view, it will trigger the motion detector's
alarm
 It is very common for an infrared sensor to be integrated
into motion detectors like those used as part of a
residential or commercial security system.
 Most motion detectors are fitted with a special type of
lens, called a Fresnel lens, on the sensor face.
 A set of these lenses on a motion detector can focus
light from many directions, giving the sensor a view of
the whole area.
 Instead of Fresnel lenses, some motion detectors are
fitted with small parabolic mirrors which serve the same
purpose.
LED
 A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light
source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many
devices and are increasingly used for other lighting.
 early LED s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern
versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and
infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
 When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched
on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes
within the device, releasing energy in the form of
photons. This effect is called electroluminescence.
 An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and
integrated optical components may be used to shape its
radiation pattern.
USES OF LED
 Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse
as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting
(particularly brake lamps, turn signals and indicators) as
well as in traffic signals.
 The compact size, the possibility of narrow bandwidth,
switching speed, and extreme reliability of LEDs has
allowed new text and video displays and sensors to be
developed, while their high switching rates are also
useful in advanced communications technology.
 Infrared LED s are also used in the remote control units
of many commercial products including televisions, DVD
players, and other domestic appliances.
TRANSMITTER
 Transmitter circuit uses 74LS14IC which is smitch trigger
IC.
 It is used to generate 40KHz.
 Signal IR (Infrared) transmit 40 KHz.
 Signal Resistor R2,Capacitor C1 &Diode D1 is used for
exact 40 KHz signal.
 Adjust P1 for maximum range.
 Red LED shows that the power supply is on .
 When the brightness of the LED decreases change the
battery for power proper operation.
RECEIVER
 Receiver circuit is operated at 5 volts(V) DC and it is
derive from power supply.
 Transformer converts 230V AC and the 12V AC is
converted into DC by diode D1& D2 which is filtered by
the capacitor.
 IC gives regulated 5V DC to other circuit.
 IR receiver module detects 40KHz signal and its output is
low when someone breaks the signal.
 Then the IR sensor does not get signal and its output
goes to high level.
 This output level is fed to smitchtrigger IC2 at pin1.
 Output is available at pin8 of IC2 that is used to drive the
transistor.
 Green LED shows the time period and the output means
buzzer is on for approximately 10 seconds.
 After 10 seconds circuit is reset automatically and it is ready
to detect other objects.