Kamal lochan pradhan
Redg No:-080121393
Branch-Electrical engineering
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND BASIC CONCEPT
FOURIER TRANSFORM
ELECRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ELEMENT
WHY AND HOW HARMONICS OCCUR
PROBLEMS DUE TO HARMONICS
EFFECT ON EQUIPMENT
LIST OF DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT AND FACTOR
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
NOTHING IN THIS WORLD IS PERFECT ,EVERYTHING
COMES UP WITH SOME PROBLEM JUST LIKE
HARMONICS IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.
THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
IS TO PROVIDE AN UNINTERUPTABLE POWER TO
CONSUMER
BUT DOES IT HAPPEN ? ?
SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND BASIC
CONCEPT
FOURIER TRANSFORM
FOR SQUARE WAVE:-
F(t)=(4/ ∏)*V[sin wt+(1/3)sin3wt+(1/5)sin5wt+….]
FOR TRIANGULAR WAVE:-
F(t)= (V/2)*(1-8/(n^2* ∏^2)*cos(nwt)
FOR SINE WAVE:-
F(t)=V*sin(wt)
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ELEMENT
1.ELECTRICAL ELEMENT:-
a) RESISTOR
b) CAPACITOR
c) INDUCTOR
2.ELECTRONICS DEVICES:-
a) DIODE
b) TRANSISTOR
c) FET
WHY AND HOW HARMONICS OCCUR
1.DUE TO PRESENCE OF NON LINEAR LOAD MAINLY THE
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT LIKE
SMPS,UPS,LASERPRINTERetc.
2. DUE TO CORE SATURATION IN TRANSFORMER WHEN
OPERATED MORE THAN RATED VALUE.
3. DUE TO VOLTAGE SURGE
PROBLEMS DUE TO HARMONICS
1.INCREASE IN POWER LOSS
2.DECREASE IN LIFE CYCLE
3.INCREASES NOISE IN COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM(TELEPHONE SYSTEM)
4.ERROR IN MEASUREMENT
5.CHANGE IN IMPENDACE VALUES
6.DECREASE IN POWER FACTOR
EFFECT ON EQUIPMENT
1.TRANSFORMER
2.ROTATING MACHINES
3.PROTECTIVE RELAY
4.CIRCUIT BREAKER
5.LIGHTIENING
6.CAPACITOR
7.MEASURING METER
8.ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES
a. AC DRIVES
b .DC DRIVES
9.FUSES
10.CONDUCTORS
11.CABLES
LIST OF DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT &
THEIR FACTOR
EFFECT CAUSE
HIGHER CURRENT HARMONICS LARGER MOTOR
HIGHER CURRENT HARMONICS LARGE MOTOR LOAD
LOW CURRENT HARMONICS LARGE DC OR AC INDUCTANCE
LOW CURRENT HARMONICS HIGH NO.PULSES RECTIFIER
LOW VOLTAGE HARMONICS LARGE TRANSFORMER
LOW VOLTAGE HARMONICS LOW TRANSFORMER IMPENDANCE
LOW VOLTAGE HARMONICS HIGH SHORT CIRCUIT CAPACITY
CONCLUSION
THE MAJOR PROBLEM IN HARMONIC IS THE HEATING
EFFECT AND DISRUPTION OF OPERATION THAT
INCLUDE FOR THE MOST PART ELECTRONICALLY
CONTROLLED EQUIPMENT. SO FOR QUALITY
PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS POWER SYSTEM DEVICES
IN THE POWER SYSTEM HARMONIC EFFECT SHOULD
BE AVOID WITH APROPRIATE TECHNIQUE
REFERENCES
1.ELECTRICAL INDIA
2.ARRILAGA AND WATSON
3.www.jolittech.com
4.www.powerlite.com.au
THANK YOU