DC to DC CONVERTER
• PRESENTATION
PRESENTED BY :-
RAJU RAJA
Branch- ELECTRICAL
Semester- 7th
Regd.No- 0801214343
POWER ELECTRONICS
DC to DC Converters
(Choppers)
Outline
Introduction
Basic DC to DC converters
Operations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
• A chopper is a static device that converts fixed dc input
voltage to a variable dc output voltage directly.
• A chopper is a high speed on/off semiconductor switch.
• It connects source to load and disconnects the load from at
a fast speed.
• Normally BJT, MOSFET & IGBT are switching devices.
Basic DC to DC converters
1. Buck converter (Step-down converter)
2. Boost converter (Step-up converter)
3. Buck-Boost converter (Step-down/step-up
converter)
4. Cuk converter
Buck converter (Step-down converter)
OPERATION OF BUCK CONVERTER
• It is step down switching mode regulator. It is avg.
output voltage is less than input voltage.
• Circuit for buck converter using POWER MOSFET.
• The circuit operation can be divided into two modes -
A. mode-1 B. mode-2
• In mode-1 the power MOSFET Q1 is turn on. hence the input
current rises flows through L-C1-Load.
• Mode-2 begins when Q1 is switched off. Now freewheeling
diode D1 conducts due to energy stored in the inductor and
the inductor current continues to flow through L-C1-load and
D1. Inductor falls until Q1 is switched on again in next cycle.
Boost converter (Step-up converter)
OPERATION OF BOOST CONVERTER
• In a boost converter the output voltage is greater
than the input voltage .Hence , it is called as step –up switching
regulator .it is also using power MOSFET.
• The circuit operation can divided into two modes –
A. mode-1 B. mode-2
• In mode-1 the MOSFET Q1 is switched on , the input current ,
which is rises flow through inductor L-Q1.
• During mode-2 the MOSFET Q1 is switched off and current
which was flowing in the inductor is now through L-D1-C1 and
load.
• The inductor current falls until Q1 is turn on again in next cycle.
The energy stored in inductor L is transferred to the load .
Buck-Boost converter
converter)
OPERATION OF BUCK- BOOST CONVERTER
• A buck-boost converter provides on output voltage that may be
less than or greater than the input voltage. Hence
the name of buck -boost regulator. The output voltage polarity is
opposite to that of the input voltage. For this region this regulator
is called as inverting regulator.
• It has also two modes – A. mode-1 B. mode-2
• In mode-1 Q1 is turn on and diode D1 is reversed biased.
the input current , which rises ,flows through L-Q1.
• During mode-2 Q1 is switched off ,now inductor current will flow
through L-C1-D1 and load .
• The energy stored in inductor L is transferred to load and
the inductor current would fall until Q1 is switched on again in
next cycle .
CUK CONVERTER
OPERATION OF CUK CONVERTER
• Like the buck-boost converter , cuk converter provides an output
voltage that may be less or greater than the input voltage .but
the output voltage polarity is opposite to that of input voltage .
• When the input voltage is turn on and Q1 is switched off diode
D1 is forward biased and C1 is charged through L1-D1-Vin.
• It has also two modes – A . Mode-1 B. Mode -2
• During mode-1 Q1 is turn on and current in the inductor will rise.
At same time voltage of capacitor C1 will be discharge its energy
in the path C1-C2-L2 and load .
• During mode -2 Q1 is switched off and the capacitor C1 is
charged from input supply voltage and energy stored in inductor
L2 is transferred to the load .
ADVANTAGES :-
A CHOPPER IS HIGH SPEED ON/OFF
SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCH .
CHOPPERS ARE MORE EFFICIENT.
IT CONVERTS THE UNCONTROL DC INPUT TO
CONTROL DC OUTPUT IN ONE STAGE.
IT OFFERS SMOOTH CONTROL AND HIGH
EFFICIENCY.
DISADVANTAGES :-
• IT HAS MORE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS IN
THE CIRCUIT.
• IT IS COSTLY.
Applications :-
• Choppers are now being used all over the
world for rapid transit system.
• These are also used in trolley cars, subway car,
battery charging and driven battery.
• These are used in regenerative braking of dc
motors to return energy back into supply.
• It is also used to generate a dc current source
specially for current source inverter (CSI).
CONCLUSION :-
• The output of choppers Vo is depend upon
duty cycle alfa (α) and α is depend upon TON.
Hence we can control the output voltage by
varying TON/TOFF switching mechanism.
• Vo =TON*VS/TON+TOFF
DUTY CYCLE (α) =TON/T
Where T = TON+TOFF
ANY QUESTION ?
REFERENCES :-
POWER ELECTRONICS :-
DR. P.S. BIMBHRA
MUHAMMAD H. RASHID
http://www.google.co.in
www.pearsoned.co.in
Thank you
