SEMINAR REPORT ON
TRACTION DRIVES
Submitted by: Janmejaya Sahu Regd no:0801214182
Branch: Electrical
Date: 6th sept, 2011
Layout of slides
Introduction
Requirements of an Ideal Traction System
Component of an a.c locomotive
Overhead line catenary
Different types of traction circuits
Nature of traction load
Indian traction system
Advantages of electric traction
Disadvantages of electric traction
Conclusion
Reference
INTRODUCTION
Electric traction means a locomotion in which the
driving force is obtained from electric motors.
Electric traction will continue to play a dominant
role in the Railway since it is an environmentally
clean technology compared to diesel traction and
also its running cost is low.
There are many advantages of electric traction
over other forms of locomotion.
Requirements of an Ideal Traction
System
High starting pulling effort in order to have rapid
acceleration.
Equipment capable of withstanding large
temporary overloads for short periods.
The locomotive should be self contained and able
to run on any route.
Capability of withstanding voltage fluctuations
and temporary interruption of supply.
Parallel running usually more than one motor
(two or four motors ) should be possible.
COMPONENTS OF AN A.C LOCOMOTIVE
CATENARY - This is the overhead wire of special cross-section.
PANTOGRAPH - This is a device used for collecting current from the catenary i.e. the
over head lines.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS - The function of circuit breaker is to disconnect the engine from
the line side in case of some fault . ABCB and VCB type of circuit breakers are used.
ON LOAD TAP CHANGER - On load tap changer is used for varying the output voltage
for controlling the speed of motor
TRANSFORMER - A tap changing transformer is installed in the locomotive for
stepping down the voltage according to the requirement of traction motors
RECTIFIERS - Semiconductor rectifiers are used for conversion of A.C power into D.C
power
SMOOTHING REACTORS - Any ripples found on the output side of the rectifier are
eliminated by the smoothing reactor fitted after the rectifier.
Different types of traction circuits:
1.AC Locomotives with DC Drives
Schematic of AC locomotive with Tap Changer Control of Transformer
Output
2.THYRISTOR CONTROL
Schematic of AC Electric Locomotive Power System with Thyristor Control and
Separately Excited DC Motors
NATURE OF TRACTION LODA
The frictional force are Classified in to
1. internal friction
2. External friction
3. Air friction
(Relation between speed v and train resistance fr )
Indian traction system
In India 1500 V DC and 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, is used for main line
trains.
The 1500 V DC overhead system (negative earth, positive
catenary) is used around mumbai . The Mumbai region is the
last bastion of 1500 V DC electrified lines on Indian Railways.
There are plans to change this to 25 kV AC by 2010. The 25 kV
AC system with overhead lines is used throughout the rest of
the country.
The Kolkata Metro uses 750 V DC traction with a third rail for
delivering the electricity to the EMUs. The Kolkata trams use
550 V DC with overhead lines with underground conductors.
ADVANTAGE OF ELECTRIC
TRACTION
Cheapness. It is cheapest method of all other methods of
traction.
Cleanliness. It is free from smoke and flue gasses
Maintenance cost. Maintenance and repair cost is about
50% of steam traction system.
Starting time. It can be started without loss of time.
High starting torque. This system uses of d.c. and a.c.
series motors which has a very high starting torque.
Braking. In electric traction , regenerative breaking is used
which feeds back 40%of the energy.
Saving in high grade coal. No coal is required for electric
traction.
DISADVANTAGE OF ELECTRIC TRACTION
Higher initial expenditure.
Failure of supply is a problem.
Additional equipments are required for
breaking purposes.
The electrically operated vehicles have to
move only on electrified track.
Interference with telegraphs and telephone
lines.
Conclusion
India with its large railway network and the growth of large
metropolitan centers is building up a large market for
railway transport equipment . Clean technologies due to
environmental considerations .Energy conservation to
minimise wastage of power. Faster/reliable railway
transportation . The success of space, defence and atomic
energy can be replicated by the Railways also.
.
Reference
• Fundamentals of electrical drives by
Gopal k.Dubey
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
Thank you
