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Presentation 3

The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. A random variable is a set of numbers assigned to outcomes of an experiment and can be discrete, taking on countable values, or continuous, having uncountable values. A probability distribution shows the possible values of a random variable and their probabilities, with the probabilities summing to 1 for a discrete distribution.

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40 views19 pages

Presentation 3

The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. A random variable is a set of numbers assigned to outcomes of an experiment and can be discrete, taking on countable values, or continuous, having uncountable values. A probability distribution shows the possible values of a random variable and their probabilities, with the probabilities summing to 1 for a discrete distribution.

Uploaded by

Thony QR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Random Variables

If a coin is tossed twice, find the set of


all possible outcomes (S) of the
experiment

 S = {TT, TH, HT, HH}


Sample Space Number of Tails
TT 2
TH 1
HT 1
HH 0
Set X whose elements ( ). xIn
x1, x 2 and 3

symbol,
X={0,1,2}

Then X is called random variable


Random Variable
 It is a set whose elements are the

numbers assigned to the outcomes of


an experiment. It is usually denoted
by uppercase letters such as X, whose
elements are denoted by lower case
letters ,, and and so on.
Discrete random variable
It is a random variable that has a
finite number of elements or infinite
but can be represented by whole
numbers. These value usually arise
from counts.
Continuous Random Variable
A random variable that has infinite
number elements and cannot be
represented by whole numbers. These
values usually arise from
measurements.
Example 1
A Teacher’s record has the following
(s) Scores of student in a 50-item test,
(b) Gender, (c) Height of the students
Example 2
Write the possible values of each
random variable:
A. X= number of heads in tossing a coin
thrice
B. Y= dropout out rate (%) in a certain
high school.
Probability
Distribution
In the experiment of tossing a coin
twice, there are four possible outcomes
namely: HH, TH, HT, TT. If X is a
random variable representing the
number of tails in the outcomes, then:

X = {0, 1, 2}
x 0 1 2
P(x) 1/4 1/2 1/4

The table above is called Probability


Distribution, specifically Discrete
Probability Distribution
A Discrete Probability Distribution a
table showing all the possible values of a
discrete variable with their
corresponding probabilities.
 
Properties:
If X is a random variable with n elements,
then

1. Each of the probabilities, P(x), has value


which range from 0 through 1.

2. The sum of the probabilities, P()+ P()+


P()+…+ P()=.
 
Properties:
If X is a random variable with n elements,
then

1. Each of the probabilities, P(x), has value


which range from 0 through 1.

2. The sum of the probabilities, P()+ P()+


P()+…+ P()=.
Probability Mass Function
If X is a random variable defined by the
number of heads in three tosses of a coin,
the sample space (S) would be:
 
Another way of thinking about the
distribution is to consider it as a function.
We denote P(x) as a function of x or f(x),
thus we can have the function with ordered
pair (x, f(x)). In this case, the discrete
probability distribution becomes
probability mass function.
f(x) = , for x=0, 1, 2 and 3.
Example 1

Is the distribution below a discrete


probability distribution?

y 1 3 5
P(y) 0.12 0.82 0.006
Example 2

Write the probability distribution of a


random variable R representing the
number of red balls when 3 balls are
drawn in succession without replacement
from a jar containing 4 red and 5 blue
balls.

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