ELEMINATION OF
ARBITRARY
CONSTANTS ‘-
Subtitle
1
Eliminate the arbitrary constants C1 and C2 from the relation y
= C1e-2x + C2e3x
• y = C1 e-2x + C2 e3x ►Eq.1 • Eq.2x 2 + Eq.3
• y’ = -2C1 e-2x + 3C2 e3x ►Eq.2 • (y’ = -2C1 e-2x + 3C2 e3x)(2) ► 4y = -4C1 e-2x + 6C2 e3x
• y’’ = 4C1 e-2x + 9C2 e3x ►Eq.3 + y’’ = 4C1 e-2x + 9C2 e3x
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y’’+ 2y’ = 15C2 e3x ►Eq.5
• Eq.1 x 2 + Eq.2
• Eq.4x3 – E q.5
• (y = C1 e-2x + C2 e3x)(2) ► 2y = 2C1 e-2x + 2C2 e3x)
3y’+ 6y = 15C2 e3x ►Eq.4x3
+ y’ = -2C1 e-2x + 3C2 e3x - y’’+ 2y’ = 15C2 e3x ►Eq.5
y’+ 2y = 5C2 e3x ►Eq.4
• y’’- y’ - 6y = 0
2
Eliminate the constant a from the relation
(x – a)2 + y2 = a2
(x – a)2 + y2 = a2 ►Eq.1
2(x – a)dx + 2ydy = 0
2(x – a) + 2yy’= 0 y2 = x2 + 2xy(dy/dx)
‘-
2x – 2a + 2yy’= 0 y dx = x2 dx+ 2xydy
2
2x + 2yy’= 2a
(x2 - y2)dx+ 2xydy = 0
a = x + yy’ subst. to Eq.1
[x – (x + yy’ )]2 + y2 = (x + yy’ )2
(x – x - yy’ )2 + y2 = x2 + 2xyy’ + (yy’ )2
(yy’)2 + y2 = x2 + 2xyy’ + (yy’)2
3
Eliminate the constant a from the relation
(x – a)2 + y2 = a2
(x – a)2 + y2 = a2
x2 - 2ax + a2 + y2 = a2
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x2 - 2ax + y2 = 0
x2 + y2 = 2ax
( x2 + y2 )/x= 2a
[X(2xdx +2ydy)- ( x2 + y2 )dx]/ x2 = 0
(x2 - y2)dx+ 2xydy = 0
4
Eliminate B and A from the relation x = B cos (wt + A)
where w is a parameter
dx/dt = -wB sin (wt + A)
d2x/dt2= -w2B cos (wt + A)
‘-
d2x/dt2= -w2x
d2x/dt2 + w2x = 0
5
Exercise #2
• Eliminate the arbitrary constants on items 3, 5, 7, 15 and 22 on page no. 9
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6
Order of Differential Equations
• The highest – ordered derivative appearing in the equation
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7
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations
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8
Linear Partial Differential Equations
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9
State whether the equation is ordinary or partial, linear or
non-linear and give its order
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• Ordinary
• Non-Linear
• First order/ Order one
10
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• Ordinary
• Non - Linear
• Second order/ Order Two
11
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• Ordinary
• Non - Linear
• First Order
12
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• Partial
• Non - Linear
• 2nd Order
13
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• Partial
• Non - Linear
• 2nd Order
14
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• Ordinary
• Non - Linear
• 2nd Order
15
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• Ordinary
• Linear
• 2nd Order
16
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• Ordinary
• Non-Linear
• 2nd Order
17
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• Partial
• Non-Linear
• 2nd Order
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• Partial
• Non-Linear
• 2nd Order
19
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• Ordinary
• Linear
• 2nd Order
L,R, C, E and 𝜔 are
called parameters
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Assignment
• Solve exercises 1-16 on page 5.
Reference: Elementary Differential Equations by Rainville and Bedient
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Data Analysis
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Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
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