Surgical Ethics: Maj. Hafiz

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The key takeaways are that ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society, and establishes obligations and duties between people. Surgical ethics represents a surgeon's understanding of moral responsibility and evolves through clinical experience.

The main principles of surgical ethics are autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality, and acting as the patient's fiduciary.

The main issues regarding informed consent are fully informing the patient about their condition, risks and benefits of treatment, alternatives, and obtaining consent in a suitable environment and language for the patient to make their own decision.

Surgical Ethics

Maj. hafiz
Ethics
 The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ethos
which means “ character “.
 To put it formally, ethics is the branch of philosophy
that defines what is good for the individual and for
society and establishes the nature of obligations, or
duties, that people owe themselves and one another.
Surgical Ethics
Ethics is an essential discipline in the practice of
surgery.
 Represents your best understanding of moral
responsibility.
 Evolves as reasoned reflection on clinical experience.
 Role of the Surgeon is to act as the patient’s fiduciary .
(person to whom property or power is grunted)
Issues of surgical ethics
-Surgical Ethics
 Autonomy
 Informed consent & difficulties
 Confidentiality
 Surgical research
 Good standards
Autonomy
ORespect the autonomy of patients & their ability to
make choices about their treatments.
It recognizes rights of patients to self- determination.
So patients have right to make choices over their
surgical care.
 Respect for autonomy is the basis for informed
consent
Informed consent
what are the Information?
 Explanation of the patient’s disease
 Explanation of untreated natural history
Recommendation of most appropriate surgery
 Discussion of risks and benefits
 Anticipated outcome – prognosis
 Treatment alternatives .
Consent
principles
 Venue – calm & quite place
 Consent form – Pt’s language
 Time – take own decision
 Principal person – Surgeon
 Entry – case record .
Confidentiality
The principle of confidentiality is that the information
a patient reveals to a surgeon is private and has limits
on how and when it can be disclosed to a third party.
The patient (and the person treating the patient) have
right to dignity.
Breaking confidentiality
- If the patient is threat to self or others
- Other team members
– improving treatment options
- Public interest
Research
Surgeons have a subsidiary responsibility to improve
operative techniques through research, to assure their
patients that the care proposed is best.
 The administration of such regulation is through
research ethics committees, and surgeons should not
participate in research that has not been approved by
such bodies.
Good Standards
To optimise success in protecting life and health to an
acceptable standard, surgeons must only offer
specialised treatment in which they have been
properly trained.
 To do so will entail sustained further education
throughout a surgeon’s career in the wake of new
surgical procedures.
 To do otherwise would be to place the interest of the
surgeon above that of their patient, an imbalance that
is never morally or professionally

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