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Chapter 7 - Trigonometry

This document provides an overview of trigonometry concepts including: - It defines trigonometry as relating to the measurement of triangles, which was used by ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks. - It discusses the values of trigonometric functions including their signs in different quadrants, and provides examples of evaluating functions using a calculator. - It covers the Pythagorean theorem and distance formula, types of angles, and trigonometry of right triangles including defining the trig functions and providing examples of solving problems. - Trigonometric graphs are discussed along with examples of graphing functions. Applications of trigonometry including systems of equations are also mentioned. Exercises are provided to reinforce the concepts

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Anna Methylda
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239 views30 pages

Chapter 7 - Trigonometry

This document provides an overview of trigonometry concepts including: - It defines trigonometry as relating to the measurement of triangles, which was used by ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks. - It discusses the values of trigonometric functions including their signs in different quadrants, and provides examples of evaluating functions using a calculator. - It covers the Pythagorean theorem and distance formula, types of angles, and trigonometry of right triangles including defining the trig functions and providing examples of solving problems. - Trigonometric graphs are discussed along with examples of graphing functions. Applications of trigonometry including systems of equations are also mentioned. Exercises are provided to reinforce the concepts

Uploaded by

Anna Methylda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSH 1162

Mathematics
CHAPTER 7
Trigonometry

SITTI RATNA CHE SOH


Learning Objectives
• To identify values of the trigonometric functions (e.g. signs of
the trigonometric functions)

• To distinguish types of angles (e.g. right angles, acute angles,


obtuse angles and corresponding angles)

• To determine and solve problems relating to trigonometry of


right triangles

• To describe applications of trigonometry (e.g. electronics,


surveying, engineering and mathematics; calculus)
7.1 Introduction to Trigonometry
• The very word trigonometry comes from the Greek words for
triangle (trigon) and measurement (metry)

• The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks developed


trigonometry to find the lengths of the sides of triangles and
the measures of their angles

• In Egypt, trigonometry was used to re-establish land


boundaries after the annual flood of the Nile River
7.2 Values of the Trigonometric Functions

• Many ideas in trigonometry are best explained with a graph

• Each point in the plane corresponds to an ordered pair, 2


numbers written inside parentheses, such as (-2, 4)

• Graphs are set up with 2-axes, one for each number in an


ordered pair. The horizontal axis is called the x-axis, and the
vertical axis is the y-axis. The 2-axes cross at a point called
the origin.
7.3 Signs of Functional Values

• The axes divide the plane into 4 regions called quadrants


• The quadrants are numbered in a counterclockwise direction

Quadrant +ve functions -ve functions


I All None
II Sin, Csc Cos, Sec, Tan, Cot
III Tan, Cot Sin, Csc, Cos, Sec
IV Cos, Sec Sin, Csc, Tan, Cot
7.3 Signs of Functional Values

Example 1: Using a calculator to evaluate trigonometric


functions

a) sin 2.2 ≈ 0.808496

b) cos 1.1 ≈ 0.808496

c) cot 28 = ≈ -3.553286

d) csc 0.98 = ≈ 1.204098


7.4 Pythagorean Theorem:
Distance Formula

• The distance between any 2-points on a plane can be found


by using a formula derived from the Pythagorean Theorem
7.4 Pythagorean Theorem:
Distance Formula (..cont’d)
7.4 Pythagorean Theorem:
Distance Formula (..cont’d)
7.5 Types of Angles
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles

• Consider a right angle triangle with Ѳ as one of its acute


angles. The trigonometric ratios are defined as follows:
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)

• The symbols we use for these ratios are abbreviations for their full
names: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent
• Since any 2 right triangles with angle Ѳ are similar, these ratios are
the same, regardless of the size of the triangle; they depend only on
the angle Ѳ.
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)

Example 1:
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
Example 2:
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
Example 3:
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
Example 1:
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
Example 2:
7.7 Applications of Systems of Equations
Exercises
Exercises (..cont’d)

In below diagram, QRS is a straight line. Given that cos x° = 4/5,


and tan y° = 3. Find:
i. The length of PR in cm
ii. The length of RS in cm
iii. The length of QR in cm
iv. The value of z°
Exercises (..cont’d)

A student uses a clinome while he holds the clinome 1.5 m


above the ground. He then measures the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower. Determine the height of
the tower to the nearest tenth of meter.
Exercises (..cont’d)
Thank You…

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