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Chapter 3 - Linear Function

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49 views

Chapter 3 - Linear Function

Uploaded by

Anna Methylda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSH 1162

Mathematics
CHAPTER 3
Linear Function

SITTI RATNA CHE SOH


Learning Objectives
• To determine and solve linear function and its associated
operations

• To be able to graphing the functions involved

• To recognize applications of functions (e.g. function of


machine, arrow diagram, etc).
3.1 Introduction to Functions
• Definition: A function (f) is a rule that assigns to each element, x, in
a set A exactly one element, called f(x), in set B.
• In the following list, the number on the right (Set A) are related to
those on the left.

Set A Set B
What rule that relates the number?
x f(x)
-→it is square the number!
1 1
x → x2
2 4
3 9
4 16
3.1 Introduction to Functions (..cont’d)
• We thus express this mathematically as:

f(x) = x2
f(1) = 12 = 1

f(4) = 42 = 16
3.2 Applications of Functions
i) Machine function of f:

• If x is in the domain of the function f, then when x enters the


machine, it is accepted as an input and the machine
produces an output f(x) according to the rule of the function

• Thus, we can think of the domain as the set of all possible


inputs and the range as the set of all possible outputs.
3.2 Applications of Functions (..cont’d)
i) Machine function of f:
3.2 Application of Functions (..cont’d)
ii) Arrow diagram:

• Another way to picture a function is by an arrow diagram

• Each arrow connects an element of A to an element of B

• The arrow indicates that f(x) is associated with x, f(a) is


associated with a, and so on.
3.2 Application of Functions (..cont’d)
ii) Arrow diagram:

Set A Set B
3.3 Linear Functions
Example 1: The squaring function assigns to each real number x its
square x2. it is defined b:

f(x) = x2

Evaluate:

a) f(3)

b) f(-2)

c) f( )
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)

Solution:

a) f(3) = 32 = 9

b) f(-2) = (-2)2 = 9

c) f( ) = ( )2 = 5
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Example 2: Evaluating a function.

Let f(x) = 3x2 + x – 5, evaluate each functions value:

a) f(-2)

b) f(0)

c) f(4)

d) f(1/2)
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Solution: To evaluate f at a no., we substitute
the no. for x in the definition of f.

a) f(-2) b) f(0)
f(x) = 3x2 + x – 5 f(x) = 3x2 + x – 5
f(-2) = 3(-2)2 + (-2) – 5 f(0) = 3(0)2 + (0) – 5
=5 = -5
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Solution: To evaluate f at a no., we substitute the no. for x in
the definition of f.

c) f(4) d) f(1/2)
f(x) = 3x2 + x – 5 f(x) = 3x2 + x – 5
f(4) = 3(4)2 + (4) – 5 f(½) = 3(½)2 + (½) – 5
= 47 = -3 ¾
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Example 3: Evaluating a function.

If f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 1, evaluate the followings:

a) f(a)

b) f(a + h)
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Solution:

a) f(a)

f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 1

f(a) = 2(a)2 + 3(a) – 1

= 2a2 + 3a – 1
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Solution:

b) f(a + h)

f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 1

f(a + h)= 2(a + h)2 + 3(a + h) – 1

= 2(a2 + h2) + 3a + 3h – 1

= 2a2 + 2h2 + 3a + 3h – 1
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Example 5: The weight of an Astronaut

If an astronaut weighs 130 pounds on the surface of the earth, then


her weight when she is h miles above the earth is given by the
function:

a) What is her weight when she is 100 mi above the earth?


b) Construct a table of values for the function w that gives her
weight at heights from 0 to 500 mi. What do you conclude from
the table?
3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
Solution:

a) We want the value of the function w when h = 100; that is, we


must calculate w(100).

So, at a height of 100 mi, she weighs about 124 lbs.


3.3 Linear Functions (..cont’d)
b) The table gives the astronaut’s weight, rounded to the nearest pound, at
100-mile increments. The values in the table are calculated as in part (a).

h w(h)
0 130
100 124
200 118
300 112
400 107
The table indicates that the
500 higher the astronaut
102 travels, the less she
weighs.
3.4 Graphing Functions
3.4 Graphing Functions (..cont’d)
3.4 Graphing Functions (..cont’d)
Exercises

1. Let f(x) = 2x2 + 4x – 3, evaluate each functions value:

a) f(2)
b) f(5)
c) f(7)
d) f(1/3)
Exercises (..cont’d)
2. Which of the followings is NOT a linear function?
Exercises (..cont’d)
3. The diagram shows the graph of the function y = – 2x – 4
on a Cartesian plane. Find the value of k.
Thank You…

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