Dissertation Phase –I Presentation

on
“Optimization of energy efficient routing protocol for
improvement in energy consumption of sensory nodes
deployed on human body for healthcare monitoring
systems”
by
Mr. Rounak A. Patil
MIS No. 121994012

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Maneetkumar Dhanvijay

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,

College of Engineering Pune
December 2020
1
 Contents
• Introduction
• Routing protocols
• Literature Survey
• Work plan
• Future plan of work
• References

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,

College of Engineering Pune
2
 Introduction
WBAN?
• Wireless body area network (WBAN)
• also referred to as a wireless body area network (WBAN) or
a body sensor network (BSN) or a medical body area
network (MBAN)
• It is a wireless network of wearable computing devices
• BAN devices may be embedded inside the body as implants,
may be surface-mounted
• While there is a trend towards the miniaturization of devices, in
particular, body area networks consist of several miniaturized
body sensor units (BSUs) together with a single body central
unit (BCU)

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,

College of Engineering Pune
3
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,
College of Engineering Pune
4
 Challenges faced by WBAN system
•Due to smaller size, power source is small
•Battery power management
•battery cannot sustain more than a month
•Removing and re-installing implants is more
complicated

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,

College of Engineering Pune
5
 Possible solutions to the problem
•Using energy efficient routing protocols
•Using energy harvesting routing protocol

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,

College of Engineering Pune
6
 Routing protocols in WBAN
• A routing protocol specifies how sensors communicate
with each other
• An energy efficient routing protocol specifies the
interconnection of sensory nodes in such a way that they
use minimum energy to communicate with each other
• An energy harvesting routing protocol generates energy
by itself while operating
• That’s why it is preferable to use a protocol which is
energy harvesting and energy effecient

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial Management,

College of Engineering Pune
7
 Literature survey
Sr. Title Authors Published Summary
No
1 Biomedical devices and A. D and K. K. USA, In this paper, they focused on the challenges involved in securing
systems security Venkatasubr September networked medical devices. They provide an overview of a generic
amanian 2011 networked medical device system model, a comprehensive attack
and adversary model, and describe some of the challenges present
in building security solutions to manage the attacks. Finally, they
provide an overview of two areas of research that they believe will
be crucial for making medical device system security solutions
more viable in the long run: forensic data logging, and building
security assurance cases.
Sr. Title Authors Published Summary
No

2 Energy-efficient W. R. Proceeding In this paper, they look at communication protocols, which can
communication protocol Heinzelman, s of the have significant impact on the overall energy dissipation of these
for wireless microsensor A. 33rd networks. Based on their findings that the conventional protocols
networks Chandrakasa Annual of direct transmission, minimum-transmission-energy, multi-hop
n and H. Hawaii routing, and static clustering may not be optimal for sensor
Balakrishnan Internation networks, they propose LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering
al Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized
Conference rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly
on System distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network.
Sciences, LEACH uses localized coordination to enable scalability and
Maui, HI, robustness for dynamic networks, and incorporates data fusion
USA, 2000 into the routing protocol to reduce the amount of information that
must be transmitted to the base station. Simulations show the
LEACH can achieve as much as a factor of 8 reduction in energy
dissipation compared with conventional outing protocols. In
addition, LEACH is able to distribute energy dissipation evenly
throughout the sensors, doubling the useful system lifetime for the
networks they simulated.

9
Sr. Title Authors Published Summary
No

3 Energy-Efficient KumarSachan, International In this paper they first describe the energy consumption for
Communication V., Akhtar Imam, Journal of components of a typical sensor node, and discuss the main
Methods in Wireless S., and T. Beg, Computer directions to energy saving methods in wireless sensor networks.
Sensor Networks: A M. Applications, Then they present a methodical and comprehensive taxonomy of
Critical Review vol. 39, no. the energy optimization methods in wireless sensor networks.
17, The main goal of energy optimization methods is to collect and
pp. 35–48, aggregate data in an energy efficient manner so that network life
2012. time is enhanced. They conclude with possible future research
doi:10.5120/4 directions.
915-7484

10
Sr. Title Authors Published Summary
No

4 Robust and Efficient Z. Ullah, I. in IEEE Wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the specialized
Energy Harvested- Ahmed, T. Access, branches of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which draws
Aware Routing Protocol Ali, N. vol. 7 attention from various fields of science, such as medicine,
With Clustering Ahmad, F. engineering, physics, biology, and computer science. It has
Approach in Body Area Niaz and Y. emerged as an important research area contributing to sports,
Networks Cao social welfare, and medical treatment. One of the most important
technologies of WBANs is routing technology. For efficient routing
in WBANs, multiple network operations, such as network stability,
throughput, energy efficiency, end-to-end delay, and packet
delivery ratio, must be considered. In this paper, a robust and
efficient Energy Harvested-aware Routing protocol with Clustering
approach in Body area networks (EH-RCB) is proposed. It is
designed with the intent to stabilize the operation of WBANs by
choosing the best forwarder node, which is based on optimal
calculated Cost Function (C.F). The C.F considers the link SNR,
required transmission potheyr, the distance bettheyen nodes, and
total available energy, i.e., harvested energy and residual energy

11
Sr. Title Authors Published Summary
No

5 Co-LAEEBA: Cooperative S. Ahmed, N. Computers In this paper, they present Link-Aware and Energy Efficient protocol
link aware and energy Javaid, S. in Human for wireless Body Area networks (LAEEBA) and Cooperative Link-
efficient protocol for Yousaf, A. Behavior, Aware and Energy Efficient protocol for wireless Body Area
wireless body area Ahmad, Volume 51, networks (Co-LAEEBA) routing schemes. Unlike existing schemes,
networks M.M. Part B, the proposed work factors in collaborative learning and path loss.
Sandhu, M. 2015, Cost functions are introduced to learn and select the most feasible
Imran, Z.A. Pages route from a given node to sink while sharing each others distance
Khan, N. 1205-1215 and residual energy information. Simulation results show improved
Alrajeh performance of the proposed protocols in comparison to the
selected existing ones in terms of the chosen performance metrics.

12
Sr. Title Authors Published Summary
No

5 Energy-Efficient Z. Ullah et al. in IEEE In the proposed work, Energy-efficient Harvested-Aware clustering
Harvested-Aware Access, vol. and cooperative Routing Protocol for WBAN are presented. The
Clustering and 7, pp. presented protocol mainly proposes a novel multi-attribute-based
Cooperative Routing 100036- technique for dynamic cluster head (CH) selection and cooperative
Protocol for WBAN (E- 100050, routing. In the first phase of this two-phased technique, optimum
HARP) 2019 CH is selected among the cluster members, based on calculated
cost factor (CF). The parameters used for calculation of CF are
residual energy of SN, required transmission power,
communication link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and total network
energy loss. In order to distribute load on one CH, E-HARP selects
new CH in each data transmission round. In the second phase of E-
HARP, data are routed with cooperative effort of the SN, which
saves the node energy by prohibiting the transmission of
redundant data packets.

13
 Work Plan
Select any two routing
protocols

Execute Co-LAEEBA

Execute E-HARP

Compare the TWO

Optimize

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial

14
Management, College of Engineering Pune
 Co-LAEEBA

Sensor deployment
Sensor coordinates

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial

15
Management, College of Engineering Pune
 Key features
• Total number of sensor nodes deployed is 8
• 5 are normal nodes and 3 are relay nodes
• Relay nodes forwards non-critical data from normal nodes to
sink along with its own data(Multi-hop)
• Critical data is directly transmitted by normal nodes(single-
hop)
• The initial energy of normal nodes is less than relay nodes

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial

16
Management, College of Engineering Pune
F
L
O
W
C
H
A
R
T Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial
17
Management, College of Engineering Pune
 E-HARP

Sensor deployment

Sensor coordinates
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial
18
Management, College of Engineering Pune
 Key features
• Total number of sensor nodes deployed is 14
• All nodes are normal nodes
• The topology is divided into clusters: Upper and Lotheyr
• Cluster head is selected for each cluster for every new
transmission
• Non-critical data forwarded through cluster head(Multi-hop)
• Critical data is directly transmitted by cluster members(single-hop)
• Two sinks are present

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial

19
Management, College of Engineering Pune
 Cluster Head Selection

• Initially, cluster head is chosen at random

• After first round, cost factor is introduced
• Cluster head selection is based on the
cost factor
• Cost factor c(i) depends upon residual
energy and distance from sink
• Node with minimum CF is selected as
cluster head
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial
20
Management, College of Engineering Pune
F
L
O
W
C
H
A
R
T 21
 What to do next???
Optimize
•None of the given protocols have been implemented using an
optimization technique
•The cluster head selection was strictly done based on cost factor
•Using an optimization technique, the efficiency of the protocol
can be increased

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial

22
Management, College of Engineering Pune
 References
• A. D and K. K. Venkatasubramanian, "Biomedical devices and systems security,," USA,
September 2011
• S. Ahmed, N. Javaid, S. Yousaf, A. Ahmad, M.M. Sandhu, M. Imran, Z.A. Khan, N. Alrajeh,
Co-LAEEBA: Cooperative link aware and energy efficient protocol for wireless body area
networks, Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 51, Part B, 2015, Pages 1205-
1215,ISSN 0747-5632,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.051
• Z. Ullah et al., "Energy-Efficient Harvested-Aware Clustering and Cooperative Routing
Protocol for WBAN (E-HARP)," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 100036-100050, 2019,
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930652
• KumarSachan, V., Akhtar Imam, S., and T. Beg, M., “Energy-Efficient Communication
Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Critical Review”, International Journal of
Computer Applications, vol. 39, no. 17, pp. 35–48, 2012. doi:10.5120/4915-7484.
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial
23
Management, College of Engineering Pune
Thank-You!!!

Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering & Industrial

24
Management, College of Engineering Pune