Scribd
Upload
43 views12 pages

Equations and Inequalities

This document discusses different methods for solving equations and inequalities, including linear equations, quadratic equations, and literal equations. It covers solving by addition/subtraction, multiplication/division, factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula.

Uploaded by

Jess Resuello
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views12 pages

Equations and Inequalities

This document discusses different methods for solving equations and inequalities, including linear equations, quadratic equations, and literal equations. It covers solving by addition/subtraction, multiplication/division, factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula.

Uploaded by

Jess Resuello
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

EQUATIONS AND

INEQUALITIES
Principles Used in Equation-Solving
I. If equals are added to or subtracted from equals, the results are Equal.
II. If equals are multiplied or divided by equals, the results are equal.
Example:
1.) x + 3 = 5
- 3 = -3
X= 2 subtract 3 from both sides
2.) x – 10 = 6
10 = 10
x = 16 add 10 to both sides
3.) 3x = -15
3x = -15 divide both sides by 3
3 3
x = -5

4.) X=2
6
X (6) = 2 (6) multiply both sides by 6
6

x= 12
 In addition and subtraction principles, the process is commonly known as
transposition. If a term is to be combined with another term on the other side of the
equation, instead of showing the addition or subtraction process, we just transpose the
term to the other side of the equation by changing the sign preceding the term.
To illustrate:
1. 3x = 6 3. 3x + 2 = 6
x = 6/3 by division 3
x=2 3x + 2 = 6 (3) by multiplication
2. X =6 3X + 2 = 18
2 3X = 18-2 by subtraction
3X = 16
x = 6 (2) by multiplication 3X = 16/3
x = 12 3
X = 5.33
Equations Containing Fractions

 The easiest way to solve fractional equations is to get rid of the denominator (s) by
multiplying the whole equation by the least common denominator.

Example:
Solve for x: x - x = 10
3 2
Literal Equations

 Solving literal equations is a good practice on the application of the processes


involved in solving equations.
Examples: In each of the following solve X in terms of other variables.
1. X +y=a 3. ax + bx = c
x = a – y by transposition 4. a + b = c
x
2. ax + y = c 5. x + a = c
3X+ b
ax = c – y by transposition
x = c – y by division
a
Quadratic Equations in One Variables

 Quadratic Equations have 2 as the highest exponent. There are 3 ways of solving
quadratic equations:
I. By factoring ( if the quadratic trinomial is factorable)
II. By completing squares
III. By using the quadratic formula
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
1. Equate the first to zero by transposing all terms to the left side of the equation
2. Factor the left member ( which is a quadratic trinomial)
3. Equate each factor to zero
4. Solve for the variable in each factor
 Example: solve for X in the equation X2 + 4x + 3 = 0

Solution:
Factoring the left member:
( x+ 1) (x + 3) = 0
Equating both factors to zero and solving for x:
X+1= 0 x+3=0
x = - 1 x= -3
Check: if x = -3 if x = -1
X2 + 4x + 3 = 0
(-3)2 + 4 ( -3) + 3 = 0
9 - 12 + 3 = 0
0=0
Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing Squares
If the quadratic trinomial is not factorable, we may solve the equation by completing
the squares ( Perfect square Trinomial)
Steps:
1. Transpose the constant to the right member.
2. Reduce the coefficient of the X2 to one, by dividing all terms by its numerical coefficient.
3. Add the square of “½ of the coefficient “ of X to both members of the
equations.
4. Factor the left member ( the perfect square trinomial)
5. Find the square root of both members and solve for x.
  
Example: 1) Solve for 2x2 +10x + 8 = 0
Solution:

 2x2 +10x = - 8 transposing the constant

 x2 + 5x = -4 dividing both members 2


 X2 + 5x + ( 5 )2 = - 4 + ( 5 )2 adding the square of ½ of 5 to both members
2 2
 X2 + 5x + ( 5 )2 = - 4 + 25 simplifying
2 4
( x + 5 ) 2 = - 16 + 25 factoring the left member and finding the LCD of the right member
2 4
( x + 5 ) 2 = 9 simplifying the right member
 2 4

 x + 5 = +/- extracting the square roots of both members


2
 x + 5 = +/- 3 (removing the radical sign)
2 2
There are two resulting equations in x + 5 = +/- 3 , they are
2 2

x + 5 = 3 and x+5 = -3
2 2 2 2

solving for x in each equation :

 x+5 = 3 x+5 = -3
2 2 2 2

 x+ = 3 - 5
2 2

 X=-2
2
X1 = -1
Solving
  Quadratic Equations by the Quadratic Formula
General form of quadratic equation : ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b and c are constant.
Quadratic Formula :

Example: solve for X in the equation 2x2 + 10x + 8 = 0. in the given equation a = 2, b = 1=,and c = 8.

Substituting the values in the formula:


  
There are two values of x:
 and

X = - 4 x = -16
4 4

 X1 = -1 X2 = -4

You might also like