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Fundamental Concepts of Analytic Geometry

The document discusses fundamental concepts of analytic geometry including: 1) The rectangular coordinate system with axes x and y and points located by ordered pairs (x,y) 2) Distance formulas for points, parallel lines, points and lines, and line segments 3) Midpoint and slope formulas 4) Relationships between slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines It also provides 7 problems applying these concepts and solving for distances, points, slopes, and loci.

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Shela Ramos
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139 views11 pages

Fundamental Concepts of Analytic Geometry

The document discusses fundamental concepts of analytic geometry including: 1) The rectangular coordinate system with axes x and y and points located by ordered pairs (x,y) 2) Distance formulas for points, parallel lines, points and lines, and line segments 3) Midpoint and slope formulas 4) Relationships between slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines It also provides 7 problems applying these concepts and solving for distances, points, slopes, and loci.

Uploaded by

Shela Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analytic Geometry

The Basics

Rectangular Coordinate System


Cartesian Coordinate System
y

x1 : abscissa
y1 : ordinate
P (x1 , y1)
P (6 , 5)

x
Fundamental Concepts
1. The distance formula y

y P2(x2 , y2 , z2)
P1(x1 , y1)
P1(x1 , y1 , z1)
x
x

P2(x2 , y2) z

2 2 2 2 2
𝑃
  1 𝑃 2= √ ( 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 ) +( 𝑦 1 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑃
  1 𝑃 2= √ ( 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 2 ) +( 𝑦 1 − 𝑦 2 ) +( 𝑧1 − 𝑧 2 )
Fundamental Concepts
2. The distance between two parallel lines 3. The distance between a point and a line

 𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑦 +𝐶 2=0
y L1 y
L2 L
L2
 𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑦 +𝐶=0
d
x x
P(x1 , y1)
 𝐴𝑥+𝐵𝑦 +𝐶 1=0

 =  =
Fundamental Concepts
4. Division of a line segment

y
P1(x1 , y1)

Pm(xm , ym)
x

P2(x2 , y2)

 = ()

 = ()
Fundamental Concepts
5. The midpoint formula 6. Inclination and slope of a line

y y
P1(x1 , y1) L1
L2 α2
Pm(xm , ym) α1
x x

P2(x2 , y2)

 
The inclination of a line is the angle
 = measured counter clock wise from the
) positive x – axis to the line. The slope
of the line with inclination α is given by
the equation α . Where m is the slope
 = ) of the line.
Fundamental Concepts
7. The slope of the line given any two points 8. Relationship between slopes of parallel lines

y y L1
P1(x1 , y1) L2
m1
m2
m α1 α2
x x

P2(x2 , y2)

If L1 // L2 , then α1 = α2
  𝑦1− 𝑦 2 Hence, m1 = m2
𝑚=
𝑥1−𝑥 2
Fundamental Concepts
9. Relationship between slopes of perpendicular lines 10. Angle between two lines

L2 L2

L1 L1
y y
m1 m1
θ
α1 α2
x x
m2 m2

  1  θ =|tan −1 (𝑚 1)|+¿
α 2=tan α 1+ 90 ° =−
( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 α 1
  1
𝑚 2=−
𝑚1
Problems
Problem 1.
What is the distance between the points A and B
defined by A(cosA , -sinA) and B(sinA , cosA) ?
Answer:
d = sqrt(2)

Problem 2.
Determine the coordinates of the point which is 3/5 of the way
from the point ( 2 , -5) to the point ( - 3 , 5).
Answer:
(-1 , 1)

Problem 3.
Find the inclination of the line passing through ( -5 , 3 ) and ( 10 , 7).
Answer:
θ = 14.93°
Problems
Problem 4.
The midpoint of the line segment between P1(x1 , y1) and
P2( -2 , 4) is P(2 , -1). Find the coordinates of P1.
Answer:
(6 , -6)

Problem 5.
The segment from ( -1 , 4 ) to ( 2 , -2) is extended three times its
own length. What is the terminal point?
Answer:
(11 , -20)

Problem 6.
A point P ( x , 2) is equidistant from the points ( -2 , 9 )
and ( 4 , -7 ). What is the value of x?
Answer:
θ = 14.93°
Problems
Problem 7.
A point moves so that its distance from the point ( 2 , -1 ) is equal to its distance
from the x – axis. What is the equation of the locus?
 
Answer:

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