Scribd
Upload
128 views

Lecture-Iii The Principles of Correct Reasoning

The document defines the basic terms of logic such as proposition, premise, conclusion, and argument. It explains the difference between deductive and inductive arguments and provides examples of valid and invalid deductive arguments. The purpose of the lecture is to help students understand the principles of correct reasoning and differentiate correct from incorrect reasoning.

Uploaded by

shaikh yasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
128 views

Lecture-Iii The Principles of Correct Reasoning

The document defines the basic terms of logic such as proposition, premise, conclusion, and argument. It explains the difference between deductive and inductive arguments and provides examples of valid and invalid deductive arguments. The purpose of the lecture is to help students understand the principles of correct reasoning and differentiate correct from incorrect reasoning.

Uploaded by

shaikh yasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

LECTURE-III

THE PRINCIPLES OF
CORRECT REASONING
WHAT IS LOGIC?
“THE USE AND STUDY OF VALID REASONING.”
Logic asks the following two questions

1. WHAT ARE THE RINCIPLES OF CORRECT


REASONING?

2. HOW DO PEOPLE USE INCORRECT


REASONING TO REACH FALSE CONCLUSIONS?
Learning Objective of Lecture – III

After this lecture, students will be able to:

1. Define logic and its basic terms


2. Be able to differentiate between
Inductive and Deductive Arguments
The Basic Terms of Logic
1.
Proposition

2. 3.
Premise 5. Conclusion
Argument

4. Inference
1. Proposition is a statement which is either T/F.
2. Premise is statement serving as a reason
which is either T/F.
3. Conclusion a statement obtained from
number of reason which is either T/F.
4.Argument is the combination of Premises+
Conclusion
5. Inference is the process of drawing conclusion
5a. Mediate Inference (Conclsuion obtained
from more than one reason)
5b. Immediate inference ( Conclusion obtained
from only one reason
Consider The Following:
Example 1:

All Pakistani Cricket Players are Highly paid Players


Afridi is a Pakistani Cricket Players.
Therefore, Afridi is Highly Paid Cricket Players.

Example 2:
Drinking dirty water may cause illness, therefore we drink boil
water.

(In First example 3 proposition , 2 reasons, one conclusion, and


one argument. In second example two propositions, One
premise, One reason and one argument )
CONCLUSION INDICATER
PREMISE INDICATORS
Evaluating Argument
Types of Argument

Argument are either deductive or either


inductive.
Example of Valid & Invalid Deductive Argument
Examples Valid & Invalid Examples Continues…
Examples Valid & Invalid Deductive Argument
Continues…
READING TEXT:
“THE PHILOSOPHER’S WAY”
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT
PROFOUND IDEAS
A TEXT WITH READING
BY
JOHN CHAFFEE
FIFTH EDITION

CHAPTER 1 (PAGE 19-24


Example of Inductive Argument:

Student A saw a black-grey crow


Student B saw a black-grey crow
students C saw black-grey crow
Therefore probably all crows are
black-grey

You might also like