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Session 9

The document discusses different types of databases including data warehouses, OLTP vs OLAP, ETL process, data marts and metadata. It also talks about emerging databases like cloud, mobile, multimedia, social media and spatial databases.

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Rajat Singh
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31 views12 pages

Session 9

The document discusses different types of databases including data warehouses, OLTP vs OLAP, ETL process, data marts and metadata. It also talks about emerging databases like cloud, mobile, multimedia, social media and spatial databases.

Uploaded by

Rajat Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Datawarehouse

• Repository of data collected from multiple database sources (using data cleaning,
Extract, Transform and Load process).
• Use for Data Analysis and Decision making
• Characteristics of Data Warehouse -
• Subject- Oriented (Like sales, products, customers)
• Integrated (data from different sources into a consistent format)
• Time variant (Historical data, trends, daily, weekly, monthly views)
• Non-volatile (After entering data into Datawarehouse, users cannot change or
update the data. Changes are recorded as new data)
Advantages of Datawarehouse

• End Users can perform multidimensional analysis


• Consolidated view of business data
• Data access is simplified
• Provides competitive advantage
• Enables historical insights

• Disadvantages
• Maintenance cost
• Issues related with loading data
• Requires Highly Skilled manpower to manage and handle.
OLTP Vs OLAP

• OLTP • OLAP
• Online Transaction processing • Online Analytical Processing
• Operational • Informational
• Transaction • Analysis
• Detailed view • Summarized view
• OLTP is useful to administer day to • OLAP creates a single platform for
day transactions of an organization. all type of business analysis needs
which includes planning, budgeting,
forecasting, and analysis
Extraction Transformation Loading (ETL)
Mapping
• A mapping represents the flow of data between source and targets
• It tells the server how to read, transform and load data
Extract
• Data is extracted from the source system into the staging area.
Transformation
• Transformations are the objects in a mapping that modify, and pass the data
between sources and targets
Load
• Loading data into the target data warehouse database

4
Data mart and Meta Data

Data Mart
• Subset of Data Warehouse
• Smaller and focused on a particular department/subject
• Provide fast and easy access of data

Metadata
• Describe structure and meaning about data
• Consistency of definition for used data 
Data Mining
• Data mining is a process to identify useful information and patterns from a
dataset
• Patterns may be business rules, trends, associations, categorization, time
series patterns
Applications – Data mining has a lot of applications in various domains like -
• CRM – customers needs, profiling, retention etc
• Banking – Loan processing, fraud detection, forecasting cash flow etc
• Retailing – Predict sales, store design, supply chain analysis etc
• Travel – predict services, forecast demand, people movement etc.
Data warehouse

Source: Internet
Emerging Databases
Cloud Database
• A cloud database is a database service built and accessed through
a cloud platform.
• It serves many of the same functions as a traditional database with the added
flexibility of cloud computing.
• Example: Amazon Web Service (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud
Platform, IBM DB2, MongoDB Atlas.
Challenges
• Data Protection: Though database may be in the cloud, but it still needs to be
backed up and protected.
• Companies are facing lack of resources and/or skilled people.
• When a business moves to the cloud it becomes dependent on the service
providers
Emerging Databases

Mobile database
• A mobile database is a database that can be connected to by a mobile
computing device over a wireless mobile network.
• Example: SQLite, Oracle Berkeley DB, Sparksee Mobile (graph database)

Challenges
• Security issues in Mobile databases
• Frequent disconnection
• Because of the mobility and rapid resource changes of mobile units, Query
optimization becomes the most complicated.
Emerging Databases

Multimedia database
• The multimedia databases are used to store multimedia data such as images,
animation, audio, video along with text.
• Example: Digital library software (an online database of digital objects that can
include text, still images, audio, video, digital documents, or other digital
media formats)
Challenges
• Multimedia data often are not quite structured; therefore, standard indexing
and/content-based search and retrieval may be complicated.
• Multimedia data often require a large storage device.
• Video, audio, and animation sequences have temporal requirements that have
implications on their storage, manipulation and presentation
Emerging Databases

Social media database


• SQLite, PostgreSQL, or NoSQL databases such as MongoDB
• InnoDB MySQL database engine (used by Facebook)
• PostgreSQL and Cassandra (used by twitter)
Challenges
• Data Relevance & Quality
• Difficulty In Aggregating Data 
• Extremely Rapid Content Turnover
• Frequent Feature Updates & Changes.
Emerging Databases

• Spatial database
• A spatial database includes location.
• GIS integrates and analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information
into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes.  
• Example: MapInfo, ArcView

Challenges
• to collect new data and to convert paper maps and data into digital format
continues to be a problem
• The accuracy of a map or dataset is dependent on scale and becomes
problematic when map scales are changed or when datasets are merged

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